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. 2022 Aug 18;13:922173. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922173

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Luo, Fan, Zhou, Tan, Tan, Xian, Li, Huang and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of macrophage polarization on ECM metabolism and pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in rat coccygeal IVDs. (A) Representative immunohistochemical images showing rat coccygeal IVDs in different groups. (B, C) Semi-quantification analysis of collagen II and aggrecan staining in rat coccygeal IVDs 8 weeks after initial puncture and different treatments. (D–I) Effect of macrophage polarization on the gene expression of ECM components (aggrecan and collagen IIα1), ECM-modifying enzymes (MMP-13), and pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1 and IL-12) in rat coccygeal IVDs 8 weeks after puncture operation and different treatments. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD, n = 6, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. IVD, intervertebral disc; ECM, extracellular matrix; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; CM, condition medium.