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. 2022 Aug 3;22(3):187–203. doi: 10.1007/s40268-022-00398-z

Table 2.

Baseline for included studies

Study ID Study arms Age, y
Mean (SD)
Gender, n (%) Dissection type, n (%) mRs 0–2, n (%) mRs >= 3, n (%) Hypertension, n (%) Current smoking, n (%) Admission NIHSS
Mean (SD)
Follow-up in months
Mean (SD)
Migraine, n (%)
Male Female Spontaneous Traumatic
Arauz 2006 Carotid dissection Aspirin 34.4 (12) 26 (45) 32 (55) 8 (18) 36 (82)
Anticoagulant 1 (8) 13 (92)
Vertebral dissection Aspirin 36.3 (8) 44 (61) 28 (39) 22 (58) 16 (42)
Anticoagulant 15 (44) 19 (56)
Arauz 2012 Vertebral dissection Antiplatelet 39.2 (7.69) 32 (64) 18 (36) 43 (86) 7 (14) 6 (12) 15 (30) 5.28 (3.27) 48.98 (43)
Anticoagulant 36.49 (9.25) 30 (61.2) 19 (38.8) 39 (80) 10 (20) 9 (18.4) 16 (32.7) 7.66 (5.12) 44.86 (37.75)
Caprio 2014 Antiplatelet 48.1 (13.2) 17 (42.5) 23 (57.5) 8 (20) 6 (15)
Anticoagulant 41.4 (15) 21 (30) 49 (70) 13 (18.6) 13 (18.6)
Anticoagulant 42.3 (12.1) 17 (43.6) 22 (56.4) 10 (25.6) 7 (17.9)
Daou 2017 Antiplatelet 49 31 (44) 39 (56) 49 (70) 21 (30) 25 (36) 18 (26) 23
Anticoagulant 44 31 (43) 42 (57) 53 (73) 20 (27) 28 (39) 19 (26) 30
Engelter 2000 Carotid dissection Antiplatelet 47.8 (12.6) 5 (63) 3 (37) 4 (50) 1 (13) 4 (50)
Anticoagulant 44.5 (9.26) 18 (72) 7 (28) 14 (56) 7 (28) 10 (40)
Gensicke 2015 Antiplatelet 45 (11.5) 29 (67.4) 14 (32.6)
Anticoagulant 48.67 (12.58) 18 (72) 7 (28)
Georgiadis 2009 Carotid dissection Aspirin 46 (11) 53 (55) 43 (45) 25 (26) 37 (38.5)
Anticoagulant 46 (10) 115 (57) 87 (43) 56 (27.7) 53 (26.2)
Kennedy 2012 Antiplatelet 45 34 (57.6) 25 (42.4) 12 (20.3) 10 (16.9) 13 (22)
Anticoagulant 43 17 (60.7) 11 (39.3) 1 (3.6) 5 (17.9) 7 (25)
Markus 2019 Antiplatelet 49.3 (12) 87 (69) 39 (31) 29 (23) 20 (16)
Anticoagulant 49.2 (12) 87 (70) 37 (30) 26 (21) 25 (20)
Weimar 2010 Antiplatelet 50.4 20 (72.5) 12 (27.5) 18 (56.3) 9 (29) 4.5
Anticoagulant 47.7 118 (60.2) 78 (39.8) 74 (37.8) 66 (34.7) 3
Yaghi 2012 Antiplatelet 44 (12.3) 19 (61.3) 12 (38.7) 14 (45.1) 12 (38.7) 9 (29)
Anticoagulant 46.7 (12.5) 10 (62.5) 6 (37.5) 8 (50) 8 (50) 5 (31.2)
Machet 2013 Antiplatelet 41.8 (9.6) 5.5 (6.3)
Anticoagulant 45.7 (8.5) 2.3 (4.1)
Engelter 2021 Aspirin 46.6 (10.6) 62 (62) 38 (38) 32 (32) 2.1 (2.7)
Anticoagulant 45.5 (11.6) 61 (65) 33 (35) 28 (30) 2.5 (4.1)
Vineetha 2019 Antiplatelet 43.44 (13.16) 103 (75.7) 33 (24.3) 67 (49.3) 60 (44.1) 48 (35.3) 8.18 (7.03_ 11 (8.1)
Anticoagulant 43.56 (12.98) 50 (78.1) 14 (21.9) 39 (60.9) 32 (50) 20 (31.3) 6.25 (5.7) 5 (7.8)
Beletsky 2003 Anticoagulant, Aspirin 44 (11) 56 (48) 60 (52) 68 (58.6) 21 (18) 23 (20) 10 (3.5) 15 (13)
Study ID Diabetes, n (%) Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) Prior stroke, n (%) Atrial fibrillation, n (%) Coronary artery disease, n (%) Presentation, n(%) Carotid artery dissection, n (%) Vertebral artery dissection, n (%) Carotid and vertebral artery dissection, n (%) TIA, n (%)
Headache Neck pain Ischaemic symptoms Explicit trauma
Arauz 2006
Arauz 2012
Caprio 2014 1 (2.5) 3 (7.5) 0 (0) 1 (2) 3 (7.5) 17 (42.5) 14 (35) 18 (45) 18 (45) 18 (45) 26 (65)
1 (1.4) 7 (10) 3 (4.3) 2 (2.9) 1 (1.4) 35 (50) 26 (37.1) 38 (54.3) 33 (47.1) 24 (34.3) 52 (74.3)
1 (2.6) 6 (15.4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 26 (66.7) 21 (34.4) 25 (64.1) 18 (46.2) 13 (33.3) 27 (69.2)
Daou 2017 6 (8) 15 (22) 17 (24) 39 (55) 27 (39) 4 (6)
5 (7) 14 (19) 27 (37) 45 (62) 26 (36) 1 (2)
Engelter 2000 5 (63) 0 (0)
15 (60) 6 (24)
Gensicke 2015 20 (46.5) 20 (46.5) 3 (7)
17 (68.6) 6 (24) 2 (8)
Georgiadis 2009 0 (0) 34 (35.4) 1 (1) 12 (12.5)
2 (1) 61 (30.2) 1 (0.5) 25 (12.4)
Kennedy 2012 4 (6.8) 7 (11.9) 34 (57.6) 45 (76.3) 32 (54.2) 14 (23.7)
0 (0) 1 (3.6) 23 (82.1) 18 (64.3) 15 (53.6) 7 (25)
Markus 2019 5 (4) 16 (13) 84 (67) 57 (54) 58 (46) 68 (54) 27 (21)
5 (4) 19 (15) 83 (67) 63 (51) 60 (48) 64 (52) 20 (16)
Weimar 2010 6 (18.8) 6 (19.4) 3 (9.4) 3 (9.4) 1 (3.1)
19 (9.7) 49 (25.8) 12 (6.1) 4 (2) 4 (2)
Yaghi 2012 9 (29)
4 (25)
Machet 2013 10 (70) 4 (30)
25 (71) 10 (29)
Engelter 2021 1 (1) 19 (19) 72 (72) 72 (72) 29 (29) 9 (9) 14 (14)
3 (3) 20 (21) 64 (68) 58 (62) 38 (40) 5 (5) 10 (11)
Vineetha 2019 31 (22.8) 41 (30.1) 17 (12.5) 8 (5.9) 8 (5.9) 93 (68.4) 43 (31.6) 23 (16.9)
20 (31.3) 22 (34.4) 4 (6.3) 3 (4.7) 4 (6.3) 39 (60.9) 25 (39.1) 14 (21.09)
Beletsky 2003 6 (5) 4 (3) 9 (7.8) 49 (42) 67 (58) 2 (1.7) 24 (20.7)