Table 3. Comparison of guidelines on returning SFs in clinical setting.

Category	US	Canada	UK	Australia	Denmark	Germany	EU
Abbreviation: ACA=analytic validity, clinical significance, and actionability; SFs=secondary findings; All-or-none policy=patients could choose to receive all SFs or none of them; UK=the United Kingdom; US=the United States.
General attitude
Positive attitude	√
Negative attitude		√	√	√		√	√
Minimization of SFs			√
No Harm principle						√
For adults
ACA criteria		√
Partial ACA criteria	√
Informed consent	√			√
Right to know		√			√
Right not to know	√	√	√		√
All-or-none policy	√
For clinicians
Must-return regardless of preference	√
Obligation to disclose		√
No obligation to disclose			√
Right to search	√
No obligation to search	√
Case-by-case determination							√
Decision by physicians			√				√
For children
Specific guidelines for children							√
Policy for children same as for adults	√
For genomic data
Data protection		√	√
Confidentiality		√	√