Figure 5.

The bioactivity of different forms of tannins on TSSM and the concentration changes in cassava plants under TSSM infestation. (A) The concentration of terminal and extension units of condensed tannins of cassava leaves was determined using HPLC following thiolysis degradation. (B,C) The probit mortality analysis of (B) total condensed tannins and (C) proanthocyanidin B1 on TSSM. (D,E) The mortality of TSSM treated with different concentrations of (D) epigallocatechin and (E) gallocatechin. (F–I) The concentration changes of different forms of tannins in different cassava plants under TSSM infestation: (F) The total condensed tannins, (G) Proanthocyanidin B1, (H) Epigallocatechin, and (I) Gallocatechin. Legends and columns with the same color indicate the concentrations of tested compounds in cassava plants are equal to their toxicity indexes (i.e., LC₅, LC₁₀, LC₂₀ or LC₃₀). In addition, different letters indicate significant differences based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).