Table 1.

Summary of ANN and IOA applications in filling mining.

Authors	Publish time	Main methods	Input	Output
Sivakugan et al. [29]	2005	ANN	Cement content, solids content, curing time and grain size distribution	Strength
Orejarena et al. [31]	2010	ANN	Water-cement ratios, binder composition and binder content	150d UCS
Qi et al. [28]	2018	PSO, ANN	Tailings type, cement-tailings ratio, solids content, and curing time	3d, 7d, 28d UCS
Qi et al. [26]	2018	PSO	Physical and chemical characteristics of tailings, cement-tailings ratio, solids content, and curing time.	7d, 28d UCS
Qi et al. [27]	2018	GA	Physical and chemical characteristics of tailings, the cement-tailings ratio, the solids content, and the curing time	28d UCS
Xiao et al. [30]	2020	ANN	Proportion of OPC, CG, CFA, and YS, solids content, and curing time	1d, 3d, 28d UCS
Yu et al. [20]	2021	ELM, SSA	Cement-to-tailing mass ratio, solid mass concentration, fiber content, fiber length, and curing time	3d. 7d, 28d, and 56d UCS
Li et al. [1]	2021	GA, PSO, SSA	Fiber properties, cement type, curing time, cement–tailings ratio and concentration	3d, 7d, 28d UCS