A schematic showing the classification, prominent characteristics and functions of HDACs.
Abbreviations and their expansions: α-SMA, alpha-Smooth muscle actin; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; APC, Antigen presenting cell; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; c-JUN, Cellular-JUN, encoded in humans by the c-JUN proto-oncogene. The protein is a subunit of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor; CoREST, Corepressor to REST (repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor); DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid; dsDNA, Double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; FAD, Flavin adenine dinucleotide; FGF2, a gene encoding Fibroblast growth factor 2; Forkhead box O; H3K9, H3 family of histones, Lysine at position 9 (counting from the N-terminus); H3K56, H3 family of histones, Lysine at position 56 (counting from the N-terminus); HDAC, Histone deacetylase; HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha; HSP90/Hsp90, Heat shock protein 90; IL-10, Interleukin-10; Ku70, Lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70; LRR, Leucine-rich repeat; MEF2, Myocyte enhancer factor-2; MiDAC, Mitotic deacetylase complex; NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; N-CoR, Nuclear receptor corepressor; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; NuRD, Nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex; p53, Cellular tumour antigen p53. p53 protein is a phosphoprotein with a molecular mass of 53 kilodalton; PDGF-B, a gene encoding Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B; PDGFR-ß, a gene encoding Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; RIG-I, Retinoic acid-inducible gene I; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; RNA, ribonucleic acid; rRNA, Ribosomal ribonucleic acid; RTE, Retrotransposon; Sin3, Switch (Swi)-independent 3; SIRT, Sirtuin (Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue); Slit2, a gene that encodes Slit guidance ligand 2, a member of Slit family of secreted glycoproteins; SMMHC, Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain; SMRT, Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors; SREBP, Sterol-regulatory element binding protein; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TCA,Tricarboxylic acid; tRNA, Transfer ribonucleic acid.