FIGURE 2.

Pre-ejection period (PEP; A) and cardiac output (CO; B) reactivity as a function of intranasal spray (placebo vs. oxytocin) in each feedback condition. Lower scores on PEP reactivity indicate greater sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation while higher scores on CO reactivity indicate greater cardiac efficiency. Challenge patterns of cardiovascular reactivity are characterized by an increase in SNS activity along with an increase in cardiac efficiency whereas threat patterns of cardiovascular reactivity are characterized by an increase in SNS along with no change in cardiac efficiency. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. ^†p < 0.10.