Table 4.
Effect of telemonitoring and/or telerehabilitation on healthcare use in patients with lung diseases.
| Disease | Study | Healthcare use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IG change from pre-intervention | IG effect in comparison with CG | Instrument/tool used to assess the outcome | |||
| Telemonitoring | Asthma | Chan, D. 2007 42 | NR | = | Number of ED visits, hospitalizations, unscheduled asthma-related visits. |
| Zairina, E. 2015 63 | NR | = | Number of unscheduled health-care visits. | ||
| COPD | Koff, P. 2021 51 | ↓ | ↓ | COPD-related urgent office GP visits (decreased only on IG). | |
| ↓ | = | COPD-related hospitalizations, hospital LOS, ED visits, ICU hospitalization. | |||
| no | = | Non-COPD urgent office GP visits, hospitalizations, hospital LOS, ED visits, ICU hospitalizations. | |||
| Ding, H. 2014 47 | ↓ | NA | Hospital admissions, ED presentations, and GP visits. | ||
| Farias, R. 2019 48 | ↓ | NA | Respiratory-related ER visits, and COPD-related hospitalizations. | ||
| Au, D. 2015 40 | NR | ↓ | Quarterly all-cause hospital admissions, respiratory-related hospital admissions. | ||
| Pare, G. 2013 54 | NR | ↓ | Number of hospitalization days and visits to ER. | ||
| Pedone, C. 2013 55 | NR | ↓ | COPD-related hospitalizations. | ||
| Farmer, A. 2017 49 | NR | ↓ | Visits to the GP practice nurses. | ||
| NR | = | Relative risk of hospital admission. | |||
| Vianello, A. 2016 62 | NR | ↓ | Readmission rate AECOPD and/or for any cause, appointment with a pulmonary specialist. | ||
| NR | = | Hospitalization rate for AECOPD (acute exacerbations of COPD) and/or for any cause. | |||
| Antoniades, N. 2012 39 | NR | = | Number of COPD-admission/year, COPD-related length of stay (LOS) days/year, total admission/year, total LOS days/year. | ||
| Boer, L. 2019 41 | NR | = | Exacerbation-related hospital admissions, unscheduled respiratory-related healthcare consultations. | ||
| Chau, J. 2012 43 | NR | = | Number of emergency department visits and hospital re-admissions. | ||
| Jódar- Sánchez, F. 2013 50 | NR | = | ED visits, specialized consultations, hospitalizations. | ||
| McDowell, J. 2015 53 | NR | = | Number of ED visits, hospitalizations, or contacts with GP. | ||
| Pinnock, H. 2013 57 | NR | = | Hospital admissions due to COPD or all cause, duration of hospital admission. | ||
| Stamenova, V. 2020 60 | NR | = | Hospitalizations, ED visits, or clinic visits. | ||
| Telerehabilitation | COPD | Hansen, H. 2020 66 | NR | = | Hospital admission related to COPD exacerbations; all causes of hospitalization. |
| Telerehabilitation and Telemonitoring | COPD | Bhatt, S. 2019 72 | NR | ↓ | 30-day all-cause readmission and AECOPD (acute exacerbation of COPD) readmission. |
| Vitacca, M. 2009 82 | NR | ↓ | Hospitalizations, ER admissions and urgent GP calls. | ||
| Ringbaek, T. 2015 80 | NR NR | ↓ | Visits to the respiratory outpatient clinic. | ||
| = | Number of hospital admissions (for COPD or all causes), time to first admission, length of stay, visit to ER. | ||||
| Broadbent, E. 2018 73 | NR | = | Hospitalizations for respiratory problems, total number of days in hospital for respiratory problems. | ||
IG: Intervention group; CG: control group. ED: emergency department; ER: emergency room; GP: general practitioner; ↓ significantly lower; = no significant difference between groups. NA: not applicable. NR: data and/or significance level not reported.