Table 4.
Within-Person Direct and Indirect Effects of Combined Pathways From PLE and Paranoia to Stress and Self-esteem via Anxiety, Sadness, and Self-esteem
| Estimates (SD) | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
| Pathway from PLE to stress | ||
| Direct effect (PLE → stress)a | 0.324 (0.040) | 0.255 to 0.407 |
| Specific indirect effects | ||
| PLE → anxiety → stressa | 0.475 (0.059) | 0.379 to 0.602 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | 0.163 (0.093) | −0.049 to 0.334 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | −0.270 (0.108) | −0.498 to −0.068 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | −0.432 (0.109) | −0.624 to −0.209 |
| PLE → sadness → stressa | 0.037 (0.030) | −0.019 to 0.097 |
| PLE → self-esteem → stressa | 0.220 (0.033) | 0.158 to 0.283 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | 0.105 (0.066) | −0.025 to 0.225 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | −0.122 (0.073) | −0.258 to 0.013 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | −0.224 (0.086) | −0.393 to −0.057 |
| Contrasts of indirect effectsa | ||
| Anxiety vs self-esteem | 0.256 (0.059) | 0.155 to 0.372 |
| Pathway from paranoia to stress | ||
| Direct effect (paranoia → stress)a | 0.257 (0.022) | 0.215 to 0.298 |
| Specific indirect effects | ||
| Paranoia → anxiety → stressa | 0.173 (0.028) | 0.123 to 0.241 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | 0.027 (0.041) | −0.065 to 0.099 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | −0.149 (0.046) | −0.244 to −0.059 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | −0.176 (0.053) | −0.278 to −0.069 |
| Paranoia → sadness → stressa | 0.020 (0.015) | −0.011 to 0.050 |
| Paranoia → self-esteem → stressa | 0.098 (0.017) | 0.062 to 0.0128 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | 0.043 (0.034) | −0.021 to 0.109 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | −0.039 (0.034) | −0.104 to 0.029 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | −0.081 (0.036) | −0.157 to −0.016 |
| Contrasts of indirect effectsa | ||
| Anxiety vs self-esteem | 0.074 (0.032) | 0.028 to 0.152 |
| Pathway from PLE to self-esteem | ||
| Direct effect (PLE → self-esteem)a | −0.381 (0.025) | −0.436 to −0.337 |
| Specific indirect effects | ||
| PLE → anxiety → self-esteema | −0.097 (0.018) | −0.132 to −0.066 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | 0.001 (0.031) | −0.056 to 0.076 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | 0.032 (0.034) | −0.031 to 0.105 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | 0.032 (0.041) | −0.051 to 0.112 |
| PLE → sadness → self-esteema | −0.295 (0.030) | −0.358 to −0.235 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | −0.085 (0.063) | −0.196 to 0.064 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | 0.088 (0.071) | −0.052 to 0.225 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | 0.179 (0.083) | 0.021 to 0.325 |
| Contrasts of indirect effectsa | ||
| Anxiety vs sadness | 0.196 (0.034) | 0.131 to 0.266 |
| Pathway from paranoia to self-esteem | ||
| Direct effect (paranoia → self-esteem)a | −0.237 (0.012) | −0.262 to −0.215 |
| Specific indirect effects | ||
| Paranoia → anxiety → self-esteema | −0.038 (0.007) | −0.052 to −0.026 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | 0.012 (0.015) | −0.019 to 0.042 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | 0.017 (0.012) | −0.009 to 0.044 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | 0.006 (0.017) | −0.024 to 0.036 |
| Paranoia → sadness → self-esteema | −0.149 (0.018) | −0.186 to −0.119 |
| ARMS vs FEPb | −0.023 (0.038) | −0.093 to 0.060 |
| ARMS vs high-schizotypyb | 0.044 (0.036) | −0.031 to 0.107 |
| FEP vs high-schizotypyb | 0.069 (0.044) | −0.022 to 0.147 |
| Contrasts of indirect effectsa | ||
| Anxiety vs sadness | 0.110 (0.020) | 0.074 to 0.148 |
Note: ARMS, At-Risk Mental State for Psychosis; FEP, first-episode psychosis; PLE, psychotic-like experiences; SD, posterior standard deviations; significant indirect paths, differences across groups and contrast of indirect effects (CI does not include zero) are presented in bold.
aEffects estimated without group variable included into the model.
bGroup variable included as a moderator of both a and b indirect pathways.