Table 2.
Group differences between cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seronegative (CMV−) and seropositive (CMV+) patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum disorders in sex, age, education years, maternal education level (primary school/upper secondary school/college or university), daily use of tobacco, handedness (right-handedness vs. left-handedness/ambidexterity), duration of illness (DOI), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, the percentage of patients on antipsychotics as well as the chlorpromazine equivalent doses (CPZ) among patients on antipsychotics. Group differences between CMV− and CMV+ healthy controls in sex, age, education years and handedness. Separately for all patients and all healthy controls, correlations with the total cortical surface area (SA) are shown. P values < .05 shown in bold.
| CMV− | CMV+ | Correlation with SA |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N a | Mean (SD) or % | N a | Mean (SD) or % | P valueb | Direction (+ or -) |
P valuec | |
| Patients with SCZ spectrum disorders | |||||||
| Sex (% women) | 33 | 30.3 | 34 | 41.8 | .353 | −d | .003 |
| Age (years) | 33 | 26.8 (6.5) | 34 | 28.6 (8.9) | .347 | − | .074 |
| Education years | 31 | 11.7 (2) | 34 | 12.4 (2.6) | .246 | − | .058 |
| Maternal education | 30 | 5/7/18 | 27 | 5/6/16 | 1.000e | .396f | |
| Tobacco use (%) | 33 | 60.6 | 34 | 64.7 | .729 | + | .264 |
| Handedness (% right-handedness) |
30 | 83.3 | 34 | 97.1 | .090e | .629g | |
| DOI (years) | 33 | 6.5 (6) | 34 | 6.8 (7.3) | .860 | − | .019 |
| PANSS total score | 33 | 61.3 (19.2) | 34 | 57.1 (13.3) | .296 | + | .120 |
| On antipsychotics (%) | 33 | 90.9 | 34 | 97.1 | .356e | + | .815 |
| CPZ (mg/day) | 29 | 397.6 (274.2) | 33 | 326.5 (214) | .257 | + | .632 |
| Healthy Controls | |||||||
| Sex (% women) | 113 | 36.3 | 149 | 43 | .275 | −d | <.001 |
| Age (years) | 113 | 30.4 (7.6) | 149 | 33.5 (7.3) | .001 | − | .620 |
| Education years | 113 | 14.6 (2.4) | 149 | 14.5 (2) | .764 | + | .176 |
| Handedness (% right-handedness) |
113 | 84.1 | 149 | 86.6 | .287 | .568g | |
aNumber of participants with data in each variable.
bChi-square test or t-test.
cPoint-biserial correlations for binary variables; Spearman’s correlations for quantitative variables.
dWomen had smaller SA than men.
eFisher’s exact test.
fAnalysis of variance (ANOVA).
gMann–Whitney U test.