Table 1.
Association between antibiotic self-medication and demographic characteristics of the caregivers
| Characteristic | Cases | % | Controls | % | OR | CI 95% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=182 | N=546 | - | - | ||||
| Occupation | Employee / Independent | 138 | 76 | 354 | 65 | (Ref) | |
| Unemployed | 29 | 16 | 117 | 22 | 0.64 | 0.40 - 0.99 | |
| Student | 8 | 4 | 32 | 6 | 0.64 | 0.28- 1.40 | |
| Employed | 6 | 3 | 37 | 7 | 0.42 | 0.17 - 1.00 | |
| Pensioned | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.85 | 0.08 - 8.20 | |
| Salary+ | Less than a minimum wage | 27 | 15 | 56 | 10 | 1.35 | 0.81- 2.25 |
| 1-3 times the minimum wage | 110 | 60 | 309 | 57 | (Ref) | ||
| 4 or more times the minimum wage | 8 | 4 | 33 | 6 | 0.68 | 0.30- 1.50 | |
| No income | 37 | 20 | 148 | 27 | 0.70 | 0.46- 1.06 | |
| Socioeconomic Statusa | Level 1 | 26 | 14 | 73 | 13 | (Ref) | |
| Level 2 | 95 | 52 | 253 | 46 | 1.04 | 0.63- 1.73 | |
| Level 3 | 60 | 33 | 205 | 38 | 0.82 | 0.48- 1.39 | |
| Level 4 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 0.31 | 0.05- 1.76 | |
| Level 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.55 | 0.26- 11.93 | |
| Location of residence | Urban | 175 | 96 | 523 | 96 | 1.09 | 0.46- 2.60 |
| Rural | 7 | 4 | 23 | 4 | (Ref) | ||
| Healthcare contributionb | Contributory regime | 140 | 77 | 417 | 76 | (Ref) | |
| Subsidized regime | 41 | 23 | 123 | 23 | 0.99 | 0.66- 1.48 | |
| Special regime | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.06- 4.16 | |
| Caregiver interviewed | Mother | 138 | 77 | 444 | 83 | (Ref) | |
| Father | 29 | 16 | 61 | 11 | 1.52 | 0.94 - 2.47 | |
| Grandparent | 7 | 4 | 16 | 3 | 1.41 | 0.57- 2.49 | |
| Otherc | 6 | 3 | 13 | 22 | 1.48 | 0.55- 3.98 | |
| Mother’s schooling | Up to and including high school | 112 | 62 | 259 | 47 | (Ref) | |
| Higher | 70 | 38 | 287 | 53 | 0.56 | (0.40- 0.79) | |
| Father’s schooling | Up to and including high school | 128 | 70 | 128 | 23 | (Ref) | |
| Higher | 54 | 30 | 325 | 60 | 0.62 | (0.43- 0.89) | |
| Caregiver’s level of educationd | Up to and including high school | 11 | 73 | 26 | 63 | (Ref) | |
| Higher | 4 | 27 | 15 | 37 | 0.63 | (0.17- 2.33) | |
Ref Reference group for categorical logistic analysis OR and CI95% compared to reference category by simple logistic regression, OR Odds ratio, CI 95% 95% confidence interval. In italics are the reference categories for group comparisons and in bold are statistically significant categories
+ Minimum wage in Colombia is $287 dollars (with representative exchange rate of December 2021)
aSocioeconomic level: Based on an official strata division (1 through 6), greater number means higher income
bHealthcare system in Colombia uses a shared-contribution system, the contributory regime group contribute a percentage of their salary, the subsidized regime group do not have resources and are subsidized by the contributory regime group, and the special regime are those who belong to other contribution systems (military or teachers for example)
cUncle/Aunt, Sibling, Stepmother, Cousin, Neighbor, Guardian
dOther than mother or father
In italics are the reference categories for group comparisons and in bold are statistically significant categories