Table 4.

Logistic regression of different amino acids and DR under the action of Metformin.

	Metformin	P	No-Metformin	P
Univariable Model
Gly, µmol/L	0.73 (0.52,1.02)	0.053	0.68 (0.53,0.87)	< 0.001
Leu, µmol/L	0.76 (0.54,1.06)	0.091	0.66 (0.52,0.85)	< 0.001
Glu, µmol/L	1.03 (0.77,1.39)	0.822	0.58 (0.44,0.76)	< 0.001
Phe, µmol/L	0.79 (0.57,1.08)	0.131	0.33 (0.23,0.47)	< 0.001
Tyr, µmol/L	0.72 (0.5,1.03)	0.053	0.46 (0.34,0.61)	< 0.001
His, µmol/L	0.71 (0.47,1.09)	0.077	0.78 (0.61,1)	0.034
Val, µmol/L	0.95 (0.7,1.28)	0.717	0.72 (0.58,0.91)	0.006
Ser, µmol/L	0.93 (0.69,1.27)	0.664	0.63 (0.47,0.84)	< 0.001
Multivariable Model
Gly, µmol/L	0.81 (0.56,1.19)	0.28	0.56 (0.41,0.76)	< 0.001
Leu, µmol/L	0.63 (0.4,1)	0.036	0.64 (0.48,0.86)	0.002
Glu, µmol/L	1.06 (0.74,1.51)	0.742	0.53 (0.38,0.73)	< 0.001
Phe, µmol/L	0.8 (0.54,1.17)	0.234	0.28 (0.18,0.43)	< 0.001
Tyr, µmol/L	0.66 (0.42,1.02)	0.063	0.44 (0.32,0.61)	< 0.001
His, µmol/L	0.77 (0.49,1.2)	0.199	0.71 (0.53,0.95)	0.015
Val, µmol/L	0.9 (0.62,1.31)	0.579	0.72 (0.55,0.95)	0.014
Ser, µmol/L	1.01 (0.71,1.45)	0.936	0.54 (0.38,0.77)	< 0.001

DR, Diabetic Retinopathy, Leu, leucine; Phe, phenylalanine; Tyr, tyrosine; Val, valine; Gly, glycine; His, histidine; Ser, serine; Glu, glutamate.

Multivariable Model was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, Duration of DR, uric acid, serum creatinine.