Table 1.
Demographic, hematological, and blood cell count-derived inflammation indexes of non-elderly and elderly COVID-19.
| Variables | COVID-19 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal range | Non-elderly patients (n = 1,082) | Elderly patients (n = 710) | ||
| Age | – | 48.35 ± 11.61 | 76.29 ± 6.95 | 0.000 |
| Sex | – | 0.000 | ||
| Male, N (%) | 636 (58.8) | 352 (49.6) | ||
| Female, N (%) | 446 (41.2) | 358 (50.4) | ||
| Hospitalization stay | – | 7.90 ± 7.48 | 8.44 ± 6.81 | 0.122 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 3.5–9.5 | 7.52 (7.18–7.92) | 8.24 (7.88–8.67) | 0.000 |
| Neutrophil (×109/L) | 1.8–6.3 | 5.90 (5.10–6.51) | 6.68 (5.91–7.30) | 0.000 |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L) | 1.1–3.2 | 1.26 (0.80–1.88) | 1.11 (0.75–1.71) | 0.002 |
| Eosinophil (×109/L) | <0.5 | 0.13 (0.07–0.16) | 0.15 (0.07–0.17) | 0.000 |
| Monocyte (×109/L) | 0.2–0.3 | 0.21 (0.14–0.31) | 0.24 (0.15–0.33) | 0.000 |
| Hb (mg/ml) | 11.5–15 | 13.30 (11.9–14.6) | 12.9 (11.4–14.4) | 0.001 |
| Hct (%) | 36–48 | 39 (35.8–42.7) | 38.8 (34.7–42.6) | 0.208 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 125–350 | 192 (147–250) | 183 (139–250) | 0.120 |
| PT (s) | 11–13.5 | 12.5 (12–13.2) | 13 (12–14) | 0.000 |
| PTT | 30–40 | 30 (30–36) | 30 (30–37.5) | 0.294 |
| INR | 0.8–1.1 | 1 (1–1.10) | 1 (1–1.20) | 0.000 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 7–40 | 38 (25–60) | 32 (20–51) | 0.000 |
| AST (IU/L) | 0–45 | 48 (33–70) | 48 (33.5–77) | 0.392 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 114–240 | 659 (498–846) | 665 (495–845) | 0.716 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 11–330 | 630 (283–984) | 637 (294–1120) | 0.314 |
| ESR (mm/h) | 0–29 | 45 (31–63) | 47.5 (32–63.5) | 0.221 |
| BG (mg/ml) | 70–100 | 114 (99–152) | 133 (105–198) | 0.000 |
| Urea (mg/mL) | 6–24 | 31 (24–43) | 53 (37–76.5) | 0.000 |
| Cr (mg/mL) | 0.5–1.2 | 0.9 (0.80–1.10) | 1.2 (0.9–1.70) | 0.000 |
| D.Dimer (mg/L) | 0–0.5 | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.59 (0.25–1.06) | 0.313 |
| Albumin (g/mL) | 4–5.5 | 3.5 (2.9–3.8) | 3.2 (2.6–3.6) | 0.001 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 44–147 | 174 (138–233) | 193 (152–260) | 0.000 |
| Na (mEq/L) | 135–145 | 140 (137–142) | 139 (136–142) | 0.011 |
| K (mEq/L) | 3.5–5.3 | 4 (3.7–4.2) | 4.1 (3.8–4.7) | 0.000 |
| NLR | 4.7 (2.8–8) | 6.07 (3.55–9) | 0.000 | |
| PLR | 154 (92–261) | 168 (94–282) | 0.118 | |
| MLR | 0.16 (0.1–0.27) | 0.20 (0.11–0.31) | 0.000 | |
| SIR-I | 0.95 (0.52–1.64) | 1.28 (0.73–2.19) | 0.000 | |
| SII | 883 (479–1656) | 1136 (568–1990) | 0.000 | |
| dNLR | 3.54 (2.33–5.66) | 4.26 (2.84–6.69) | 0.000 | |
| NLPR | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 0.000 | |
| AISI | 183 (84–347) | 234 (120–454) | 0.000 | |
| Severity | – | 0.000 | ||
| Moderate, N (%) | 861 (79.6) | 452 (63.7) | ||
| Severe, N (%) | 86 (7.9) | 76 (10.7) | ||
| Very severe, N (%) | 135 (12.5) | 182 (25.6) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 11.3 | 34.2 | 0.000 | |
| Respiratory disease (%) | 14.4 | 15.8 | 0.235 | |
| Kidney disease (%) | 5.5 | 14.2 | 0.000 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 20.4 | 42.4 | 0.000 | |
| Cancer (%) | 3.6 | 4.6 | 0.164 | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1 (0–2) | 4 (3–5) | 0.000 | |
| Outcome | – | 0.000 | ||
| Survival, N (%) | 947 (87.5) | 492 (69.3) | ||
| Death, N (%) | 135 (12.5) | 218 (30.7) | ||
AISI, aggregate index of systemic inflammation; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BG, blood glucose; Cr, creatinine; dNLR, derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct, hematocrit; INR, international normalized ratio; MLR, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio; NLPR, neutrophil/lymphocyte*platelet ratio; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet/lymphocyte ratio; PLT, platelet; PT, Prothrombin time; PTT, Partial thromboplastin time; SII, systemic inflammation index; SIR-I, systemic inflammation response index; WBC, white blood cell.