Table 2.
Logistic analysis for factors associated with depressive symptoms (BDI-II ⩾ 16, N = 290) among 684 chronic dialysis patients.
| BDI ⩾ 16 a | Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age, y | 1.00 | 0.99-1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99-1.01 | 1.01 | 0.99-1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00-1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99-1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99-1.02 |
| Sex, men | 0.74 | 0.54-1.01 | 0.74 | 0.54-1.02 | 0.81 | 0.58-1.14 | 0.81 | 0.58-1.14 | 0.82 | 0.58-1.14 | 0.81 | 0.58-1.14 |
| Education, high | 0.71 b | 0.52-0.97 | 0.72 b | 0.52-0.99 | 0.77 | 0.55-1.07 | 0.77 | 0.55-1.08 | 0.81 | 0.58-1.14 | 0.81 | 0.57-1.14 |
| Ethnicity, immigrant | 1.65 b | 1.22-2.25 | 1.68 b | 1.21-2.34 | 1.79 b | 1.25-2.56 | 1.79 b | 1.25-2.56 | 1.67 b | 1.16-2.41 | 1.67 b | 1.16-2.41 |
| Smoking, current | 2.61 b | 1.81-3.77 | 2.59 b | 1.78-3.75 | 2.98 b | 2.03-4.39 | 2.97 b | 2.02-4.38 | 2.98 b | 2.02-4.39 | 2.96 b | 2.01-4.37 |
| Alcohol use, yes | 0.54 b | 0.37-0.78 | 0.57 b | 0.39-0.82 | 0.64 b | 0.43-0.95 | 0.65 b | 0.43-0.96 | 0.66 b | 0.44-0.98 | 0.66 b | 0.44-0.99 |
| Dialysis vintage, mo | 1.00 | 1.00-1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00-1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00-1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00-1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00-1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00-1.01 |
| CVD, yes | 1.20 | 0.88-1.62 | 1.29 | 0.94-1.78 | 1.20 | 0.86-1.68 | 1.21 | 0.86-1.68 | 1.12 | 0.79-1.58 | 1.12 | 0.79-1.58 |
| Hypertension, yes | 1.14 | 0.83-1.57 | 1.16 | 0.84-1.59 | 1.13 | 0.81-1.57 | 1.13 | 0.81-1.58 | 1.07 | 0.77-1.51 | 1.07 | 0.76-1.50 |
| Diabetes, yes | 1.54 b | 1.13-2.09 | 1.59 b | 1.16-2.17 | 1.42 b | 1.02-1.97 | 1.44 b | 1.03-2.01 | 1.44 b | 1.03-2.01 | 1.41 | 1.00-1.98 |
| Beta-blocker use, yes | 1.34 | 0.98-1.82 | 1.37 b | 1.01-1.87 | 1.19 | 0.86-1.65 | 1.19 | 0.86-1.65 | 1.14 | 0.82-1.58 | 1.12 | 0.80-1.56 |
| Lipophilic beta-blocker use, yes | 1.38 b | 1.01-1.87 | 1.41 b | 1.03-1.92 | 1.22 | 0.88-1.69 | 1.22 | 0.88-1.69 | 1.16 | 0.83-1.62 | 1.14 | 0.81-1.59 |
Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
Model 1 = adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 = model 1 plus additional adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption, ethnicity and educational level. Model 3 = model 2 plus additional adjustment for dialysis vintage. Model 4 = model 3 plus additional adjustment for diabetes (except in the model were the effect of diabetes on depression was studied). Model 5 = Model 4 plus additional adjustment for cardiovascular disease.
a
On the basis of the Beck Depression Inventory (1979).
b
P < .05.