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. 2022 Aug 17;13:912961. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912961

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Yang, Sun, Tomiyama, Zhang, Leung, He, Dhaliwal, Invernizzi, Gershwin and Bowlus

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characteristics of peripheral NK cells in patients with PSC. PBMCs from PSC and HCs were isolated and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies for cell subsets. (A) Strategy of FCM of NK cell subsets. CD3 and CD56 expression in PBMCs was analyzed after application of a lymphocyte gate. CD3-negative cells were further gated for analysis of CD3⁻CD56^brightCD16⁻ (CD56^bright) and CD3⁻CD56^dimCD16⁻ (CD56^dim) NK cell subsets. (B) The frequency (%) of CD56^bright and CD56^dim cells in total lymphocytes and (C) MFI of natural cytotoxicity receptors in each NK subset were compared between PSC (n = 34) and HCs (n = 29). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 (two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). NK, natural killer; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HCs, healthy controls; FCM, flow cytometry; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.