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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surv Stat Methodol. 2021 Jun;9(3):449–476. doi: 10.1093/jssam/smz050

Table 7.

Comparison of the 2016 National Internet Flu Survey (NIFS) Estimates with the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Kaplan-Meier Estimates

Subgroupsa NIFS
BRFSSb
NIFS – BRFSS
n % (SE) n % (SE) % (SE)

Overall 4,305 40.6(0.9) 16,445 26.6(0.8) 14.0(1.2)*
Age (years)
 18–49 1,494 34.3(1.4) 5,105 18.4(1.1) 15.9(1.8)*
 50–64 1,378 41.7(1.5) 4,886 29.7(1.6) 12.0(2.2)*
 ≥65 1,433 56.6(1.4) 6,454 43.3(1.4) 13.3(2.0)*
Race/ethnicity
 White, non-Hispanic 2,511 39.7(1.1) 12,814 28.7(0.9) 11.0(1.4)*
 Black, non-Hispanic 673 40.6(2.2) 1,209 25.2(3.4) 15.4(4.1)*
 Hispanic 604 43.5(2.3) 1,159 20.8(2.3) 22.7(3.2)*
 Other, non-Hispanic 517 43.1(2.8) 980 22.7(2.6) 20.4(3.9)*
High-risk (HR) medical condition, 18–64 years only
 18–64 year, HR 905 43.5(1.9) 2,704 30.7(2.2) 12.8(3.0)*
 18–64 year, no HR 1,967 34.0(1.2) 7,196 19.4(0.9) 14.6(1.5)*
Sex
 Male 2,137 39.5(1.3) 6,821 23.7(1.2) 15.8(1.7)*
 Female 2,168 41.7(1.2) 9,622 29.2(1.0) 12.5(1.6)*
Employment
 Employed 2,349 37.8(1.2) 7,653 21.5(0.9) 16.3(1.5)*
 Unemployed 225 32.0(3.8) 562 21.0(4.4) 11.0(5.8)
Marital Status
 Married 2,492 42.7(1.1) 8627 28.8(1.1) 13.9(1.6)*
 Never married 715 35.2(2.2) 2,368 20.7(1.8) 14.5(2.8)*
Household Income
 <$35,000 1,040 38.2(1.8) 5,296 24.4(1.5) 13.8(2.4)*
 ≥$75,000 1,777 42.4(1.4) 4,385 27.3(1.3) 15.1(1.9)*

Note.—% = weighted vaccination coverage estimate; SE, weighted standard error.

a

A subset of the categories is shown for certain subgroups for brevity.

b

Influenza vaccination coverage estimate is calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. For the BRFSS, the calculation includes respondents interviewed October 29 through November 12, 2016, and vaccinated prior to the interview date.

*

p < 0.05 by t-test (comparing against NIFS).