Table 2.

Cardiac procedures divided into subcategories with their respective TRLs.

Procedure	TRL level	References
Electrophysiology
Right atrial flutter ablation	TRL 8	Grotthoff et al. 15
Left atrium ablation	TRL 5	Grotthoff et al., 16 Schmidt et al. 17
Right ventricle ablation	TRL 5	Dukkipati et al., 18 Lardo et al. 19
Left ventricle ablation	TRL 5	Toupin et al., 20 Mukherjee et al., 21 Krahn et al. 22
AV-node ablation	TRL 5	Schmidt et al. 17
Congenital procedures
Diagnostic right and left heart catheterization	TRL 8	Veeram Reddy et al., 23 Ratnayaka et al., 24 Pushparajah et al., 25 Knight et al., 26 Velasco Forte et al., 27 Meierhofer et al. 28
Ventricular septal defect closure, treatment of pulmonary artery stenosis and aortic coarctation	TRL 6	Grant et al. 4
Atrial septal defect closure	TRL 5	Ratnayaka et al., 29 Rickers et al. 30
Cavopulmonary shunt	TRL 5	Ratnayaka et al. 31
Valvular procedures
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement	TRL 5	Kuehne et al., 32 Horvath et al., 33 McVeigh et al., 34 Miller et al., 35 Miller et al., 36 Horvath et al., 37 Horvath et al. 38
Pulmonary valve stenosis balloon dilatation	TRL 6	Tzifa et al. 39
Coronary procedures
Diagnostic catheterization	TRL 5	Green et al., 40 Zhang et al., 41 Qiu et al., 42 Spuentrup et al., 43 Serfaty et al., 44 Heidt et al. 45
Percutaneous coronary intervention	TRL 5	Spuentrup et al. 43
Other procedures
Endomyocardial biopsy	TRL 5	Behm et al., 46 Rogers et al., 47 Unterberg-Buchwald et al. 48
Intramyocardial injections	TRL 5	Carlsson and Saeed, 49 Krombach et al., 50 Tomkowiak et al., 51 van Es et al. 52
Pericardiocentesis	TRL 5	Halabi et al. 53

TRL, technology readiness level.