Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the studied subjects in the discovery and validation sets*.
| Discovery Set | Validation Set | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC | PreDM | T2DM | NC | PreDM | T2DM | |
| Sex (male/female) | 40/55 | 53/98 | 115/120bb | 36/58 | 57/93 | 119/115ab |
| Age (years) | 38.5 ± 16.0 | 51.1 ± 14.6aaa | 55.9 ± 11.4aaabb | 38.8 ± 14.2 | 53.3 ± 12.8aaa | 55.3 ± 12.3aaa |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 24.0 ± 4.6 | 24.5 ± 4.2 | 25.1 ± 3.4aab | 23.6 ± 4.3 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 24.8 ± 3.4aa |
| HOMA - β (%) | 134.7 ± 126.7 | 99.4 ± 119.5aaa | 68.2 ± 45.5aaabb | 134.9 ± 101.8 | 95.1 ± 79.2aaa | 71.8 ± 53.5aaabbb |
| HOMA - IR | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 4.3 ± 2.8aaabbb | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 2.7 ± 1.5a | 4.2 ± 3.0aaabbb |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.7aaa | 7.7 ± 1.6aaabbb | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.7aaa | 7.4 ± 1.7aaabbb |
| Insulin (U/L) | 10.2 ± 6.0 | 10.5 ± 9.0 | 12.8 ± 7.8aabbb | 10.0 ± 6.2 | 10.3 ± 5.9 | 12.6 ± 8.3ab |
| 0.5h-PG (mmol/L) | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 10.5 ± 1.4aaa | 12.8 ± 2.4aaabbb | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 10.3 ± 1.6aaa | 12.3 ± 2.3aaabbb |
| 1h-PG (mmol/L) | 8.4 ± 2.2 | 11.6 ± 2.1aaa | 15.8 ± 3.3aaabbb | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 11.5 ± 2.2aaa | 15.5 ± 3.2aaabbb |
| 2h-PG (mmol/L) | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 8.9 ± 1.4aaa | 15.3 ± 4.0aaabbb | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 1.4aaa | 14.6 ± 4.0aaabbb |
| 3h-PG (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.9aaa | 10.6 ± 4.3aaabbb | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.9aaa | 10.1 ± 4.1aaabbb |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.8 ± 0.5aaa | 6.8 ± 1.1aaabbb | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.4aaa | 6.7 ± 1.0aaabbb |
| SBP (mmHg) | 123.0 ± 14.5 | 131.9 ± 18.4aaa | 134.2 ± 15.6aaabbb | 120.5 ± 17.4 | 128.8 ± 17.2aa | 134.9 ± 18.4aaabb |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.6 ± 10.2 | 79.5 ± 11.1aaa | 80.8 ± 9.4aaa | 75.1 ± 11.4 | 77.4 ± 9.1a | 82.8 ± 11.1aaabbb |
*: T2DM, PreDM vs. NC, a, p< 0.05; aa, p< 0.01; aaa, p< 0.001. T2DM vs. PreDM, b, p< 0.05; bb p< 0.01; bbb, p< 0.001. Data represent mean ± SD.