Table 5.
Multivariate analysis for the associated factors of the non-adherence to medications
| Variables | Non-adherence | 95%CI | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | OR | Lower | upper | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 47 | 43.93 | 1 | 0.002** | ||
| Female | 60 | 56.07 | 2.1 | 1.13 | 3.71 | |
| Duration of diabetes | ||||||
| 1-3 years | 49 | 45.79 | 1 | 0.042* | ||
| 4-10yrs | 26 | 24.3 | 2.57 | 1.04 | 6.37 | 0.023* |
| More than 10 years | 32 | 29.91 | 1.03 | 0.34 | 3.12 | 0.031* |
| Education | ||||||
| No formal education | 17 | 15.89 | 1 | 0.002* | ||
| Primary | 51 | 47.66 | 3.56 | 1.12 | 11.28 | 0.031* |
| Secondary | 39 | 36.45 | 2.96 | 1.11 | 7.87 | 0.030* |
| DPCS | ||||||
| Good communication | 37 | 34.58 | 1 | 0.046* | ||
| Poor communication | 70 | 65.42 | 2.18 | 1.01 | 4.68 | |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Jobless | 28 | 26.17 | 1 | 0.061 | ||
| Public employee | 28 | 26.17 | 2.01 | 0.92 | 4.38 | 0.08 |
| Private | 51 | 47.66 | 1.06 | 0.38 | 2.97 | 0.906 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Kigali | 76 | 71.03 | 1 | 0.089 | ||
| Out of Kigali | 31 | 28.97 | 2.19 | 0.89 | 5.39 | |
| Attitudes of the family members towards patients with T2DM | ||||||
| Very concerned | 46 | 42.99 | 1 | 0.031* | ||
| Not concerned | 37 | 34.58 | 0.1.5 | 0.4 | 5.5 | 0.54 |
| Perceived as burdensome | 24 | 22.43 | 5.8 | 1.3 | 25.7 | 0.021* |
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 10 | 9.35 | 1 | 0.003** | ||
| Normal (18.5 kg/m2-24 kg/m2) | 32 | 29.91 | 5.17 | 1.63 | 16.37 | 0.005* |
| Overweight/obese (more than 24) | 65 | 60.75 | 3.6 | 1.04 | 9.1 | 0.02* |
| Anti-diabetic medication | ||||||
| Single OHA | 59 | 55.14 | 1 | 0.011* | ||
| OHA and Insulin | 29 | 27.1 | 0.59 | 0.24 | 1.42 | 0.023* |
| Insulin alone | 19 | 17.76 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.74 | 0.011* |
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) | ||||||
| Good (= < 7) | 20 | 18.69 | 1 | 0.002** | ||
| Poor (> 7) | 87 | 81.31 | 4.26 | 1.7 | 10.69 | |
| Glycaemia (in g/dl) | ||||||
| Less than 170 g/dl | 11 | 10.28 | 1 | 0.0456* | ||
| 170–250 g/dl | 28 | 26.17 | 3.17 | 1.06 | 9.5 | 0.04* |
| More than250 g/dl | 68 | 63.55 | 0.8 | 0.33 | 1.97 | 0.626 |
| Presence of diabetes complications | ||||||
| Retinopathy complication | ||||||
| Yes | 48 | 44.86 | 1 | 0.325 | ||
| No | 59 | 55.14 | 1.43 | 0.7 | 2.9 | |
| Skin infections | ||||||
| Yes | 71 | 66.36 | 1 | 0.009** | ||
| No | 36 | 33.64 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.77 | |
N Frequency, % Percentage, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence Intervals, OHA Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, DPCS Doctor- Patient Communication Scale, BMI Body Mass Index, HbA1C Glycosylated Hemoglobin, rwf Rwandan francs
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001