Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 1;46(1):47–55. doi: 10.1007/s10753-022-01726-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — The M1 macrophages interact with the AEC I to induce the cell death and the same way contribute to the AEC II expansion, M2 macrophages primary promote the AEC II proliferation as well as induce fibrosis, and the AEC II to AEC I differentiation is an important checkpoint for driving the alveoli structure reconstruction, which is a crucial step for returning structural and functional homeostasis.