Table 3.

The contributions of county-level characteristics to the change in U.S. age-standardized all-cause mortality per 100,000 population between 1999–2001 and 2015–2017 (averaged across all counties within each metropolitan category, weighting by 2017 population)

	Lg central metro	Lg fringe metro	Md/Sm metro	Nonmetro
% College grads	− 15.0	− 15.9	− 14.3	− 13.9
% In poverty	8.6	6.8	10.9	11.9
% Aged 25–64	− 2.1	1.4	0.9	1.2
% Foreign-born	− 23.4	− 18.8	− 9.2	− 3.7
% In manufacturing	2.8	3.1	4.0	6.4
% Unemployed	8.0	10.1	11.1	11.6
% Obese	− 1.4	− 1.7	− 2.1	− 2.6
% Current smokers	− 21.0	− 19.4	− 19.3	− 17.8
% Single parent	− 2.9	4.0	5.3	5.0
State trends	4.2	4.4	8.6	18.5