Table 3.

Common risk factors for drug-induced acute tubular injury

Modifiable Risks	Nonmodifiable Risks
Volume depletion and/or hypotension	Advanced age especially with concomitant CKD (eGFR<45 ml/min per 1.73 m2)
Exposure to concomitant nephrotoxins	Comorbid conditions such as liver disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, major surgery (especially cardiovascular)
High-level exposure to nephrotoxins (high-dose and long-duration therapy)	High-risk settings such as intensive care unit, burn unit, cardiovascular care unit
Excessive medication dose for underlying GFR	Shock states such as sepsis
	Solid organ transplantation
	Stem cell transplantation
	Genetic vulnerability