Table 3.

Efficacy of B. monnieri to attenuate the adverse effect caused by various toxic agents.

S. No.	Toxicity induced	Dosage of BME	Findings with BME	References
1.	Sodium Fluoride	300 mg/kg	Ameliorate the cholinergic system Attenuate the oxidative stress. Inhibited neuropathological alterations.	(115)
2.	30% Alcohol + CCL4	200/kg body weight	Protected the hepatic cells.	(116)
3.	Opioid	40mg/kg	Restored serum ALT, AST, and creatinine elevations. Shielded the liver and kidneys from the toxicological impact.	(117, 118)
4.	Paraquat	0.1% of BME (~50% of Bacosides) containing 20 mM PQ	Inhibit jnk2 mediated apoptosis through improved mitochondrial function and redox stabilization.	(119)
5.	Lead	10 mg/kg body weight/day	Reduced brain lead level when compared to conventional therapy. Attenuate the oxidative stress.	(121)
6.	Aluminum	40 mg/kg/day	Protect brain from oxidative damage.	(120)
7.	Methyl Mercury	250 mg/mL	Prevented mitochondrial damage. Attenuate the oxidative stress.	(122)
8.	Okadaic Acid	BM-40 and 80 mg/kg and Melatonin 20 mg/kg	The activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB transcription factors by BME. Melatonin strengthens endogenous defense and protection against OKA induced memory deficit in rats.	(123)
9.	Trimethyltin	50 mg/kg	Ameliorates TMT-induced cognition dysfunction mainly via protecting the hippocampal neurons. They are promoting neuro-regeneration in the dentate gyrus regions.	(124)
10.	Glutamate	5 mM	Prevent mitochondrial damage. Prevent oxidative stress in cultured neuronal cells.	(125)