Table 1.
Roles of miRNAs in azoospermia.
| miRNA | Sample | Down/up-regulation | Mechanism | Effect on sperm | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-141 | Semen | Up-regulation | Downregulation of Cbl and Tgfb2 | Negative | (20) |
| miR-7-1-3p | Semen | Up-regulation | Downregulation of Rb1 and Pik3r3 | Negative | (20) |
| miR-449 | Testis | Up-regulation | Downregulation of E2F | Positive | (29) |
| miR-34 c | Testis | Up-regulation | Downregulation of NOTCH2 | Positive | (21) |
| miR-210 | Testis | Up-regulation | Downregulation of NR1D2 | Negative | (26) |
| miR-181 c | Zygote | Up-regulation | Downregulation of CARM1 | Positive | (46–48) |
| miR-192a | Semen | Up-regulation | Activation of Caspase-3 protein | Negative | (45) |
| miR-20a-5p | Plasma and semen | Up-regulation | STAT3 Pathway | Negative | (31, 32) |
| miR-19b | Semen | Up-regulation | Indetermined | Negative | (33) |
| miR-27a-3p | Testis | Up-regulation | Downregulation of KDM3A | Negative | (49) |
| miR-133b | Sertoli cell | Up-regulation | Downregulation of GLI3 | Positive | (41) |
| miR-202-3p | Sertoli cell | Up-regulation | Downregulation of LRP6 and CCND1 | Negative | (42) |
| miR-320-3p | Sertoli cell | Up-regulation | Downregulation of GLUT3 | Negative | (44) |
| miR-15b | Plasma and semen | Up-regulation | Downregulation of CDC25A | Negative | (27) |
| miR-122a | Spermatozoa | Down-regulation | Combine Translin | Negative | (24, 27) |
| miR-135a | Semen | Down-regulation | Downregulation of NR1D2 Downregulation of JAK2 |
Positive Negative |
(38) (39) |
| miR-188-3p | Testis | Down-regulation | Upregulation of MLH1 | Positive | (30) |
| miR-17-92 | Testis | Down-regulation | Downregulation of apoptosis genes | Positive | (35) |