Table 1.

Patient survey measures

Concept	Instrument and Source	Items	Example Item	Range
Gender and sexual orientation	Rainbow Health Ontario [53]	2	NA	NA
Housing/living situation	Housing stability [54]	1	NA	NA
Difficulty living on income	Financial Strain Index [55]	1	NA	NA
Discrimination in Everyday Life	Everyday Discrimination Scale [56]	9	You are treated with less courtesy than other people are.	0–5 Overall score: 0–45
Discrimination during ED Visit	Discrimination in Medical Settings Scale [57]	7	You felt like a doctor or nurse was not listening to what you were saying.	1–5 Overall score: 7–35
Experiences of Care	Emergency Department Patient Experiences of Care (EDPEC) Scale [58]	15	Using any number from 0 to 10, where 0 is the worst care possible and 10 is the best care possible, what number would you use to rate your care during this emergency department visit?	Quality of Care: 0–10
	British Columbia EDPEC [59]	9	NA	NA
	Investigator developed (EQUIP ED)	12	During this visit, did staff make you feel welcome?	Yes/No Overall score: 0–12
Patient Acuity on Presentation	Canadian Triage Assessment Scale (CTAS) [60]	1	NA	1–5