| Co-culture of cancer organoids with other non-tumor cells |
Tumor organoids could get other cell types of cells and tissues |
[128, 129] |
| Vascularization of organoids |
|
|
| 1. Direct transplantation of the brain organoids into mouse brains |
|
[32, 34, 130] |
| 2. Coculture of brain organoids with epithelial cells followed by transplantation into mouse brains |
|
[131] |
| 3. Genetic operation-based vascularization |
Expression of human ETS variant 2 (ETV2) in human cortical organoids (hCOs), led to generation of the functional vascular-like vessels in the vascularized hCOs (vhCOs), improving organization, alleviating hypoxia, and reducing apoptosis |
[132] |
| 4. BVO cells infiltrate into brain organoids |
High efficiency to generate vascularized human brain organoids |
[133] |
| 5. The microfluidic chips-based coculture with epithelial cells |
|
[134] |
| 6. Vascularized spheroid using an injection-molded microfluidic chip |
By coculturing the spheroids derived from induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) with perfusable blood vessels, the vascularized spheroid was generated. The vascularized spheroid network significantly improved spheroid differentiation and reduced apoptosis. |
[99] |
