Figure 1. Species diversity and compositional heterogeneity indicated by the Shannon index and ANOSIM. (A) There were no significant differences in the Shannon index among the 4 groups, indicating that the species diversity of the different groups was similar. (B) There were no significant differences in the ANOSIM results among the 4 groups, suggesting that the taxonomic compositions of the subgingival microbial community among the 4 groups were similar.

ANOSIM: analysis of similarity, T2D: type 2 diabetes mellitus, P: periodontitis.