Table 4. SCFA concentrations detected in GCF from the 4 groups.
| Types of SCFAs | Concentration units | T2D−P− group | T2D−P+ group | T2D+P− group | T2D+P+ group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetic acid | μg/mL | 14.547±5.454 | 74.492±32.969 | 54.827±13.385 | 196.839±23.502 |
| Propionic acid | μg/mL | 2.773±1.103 | 27.415±5.671 | 12.840±3.327 | 44.106±18.748 |
| Isobutyric acid | μg/mL | 0.327±0.078 | 5.092±2.263 | 1.884±0.810 | 8.110±5.989 |
| Butyric acid | μg/mL | 0.722±0.229 | 13.670±5.820 | 3.267±0.598 | 11.097±4.613 |
| Isovaleric acid | μg/mL | 0.324±0.142 | 5.085±2.692 | 1.572±0.660 | 6.035±3.432 |
| Pentanoic acid | μg/mL | 0.399±0.347 | 2.064±1.860 | 1.444±1.782 | 8.232±9.553 |
| Caproic acid | μg/mL | 4.001±4.356 | 18.364±20.175 | 9.145±12.772 | 36.700±44.251 |
SCFA: short-chain fatty acid, GCF: gingival crevicular fluid, T2D: type 2 diabetes mellitus, P: periodontitis.