FIGURE 4.

Schematic illustration of the PI3K signalling pathway. AKT/PKB, protein kinase B; FOXO, forkhead box O; GPCR, G protein‐coupled receptors; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; mTORC2, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2; PDK 1, phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1; PHLPP, PH domain leucine‐rich repeat protein phosphatases; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PI3,4P2, phosphatidylinositol 3,4‐bisphosphate; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase; PI3P, phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate; PI4,5P2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate; PI4P, phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate; PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinases; SHIP, SH2‐domain‐containing inositol 5‐phosphatase; TLR4, toll‐like receptor 4; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex