Fig. 1. TSLP is differentially implicated for Th2/Tfh responses induced by epicutaneous or dermacutaneous HDM sensitization.

a Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stained sections of ears collected immediately after laser microporation (LMP). Red arrow points to a micropore. NT, non-treated. b TSLP protein level in ears (n = 5, 12, 6 mice). c RNAscope in situ hybridization for TSLP mRNA. Black arrows point to one of the positive signals. Dashed lines indicate the dermal/epidermal junction. d Experimental protocol. House dust mites (HDM) or PBS were applied on LMP_30 μm ears to realize e.c. sensitization, or on LMP_91 μm ears to realize d.c. sensitization, at day (D) 0, 3, 7 and 10. Mice were challenged intranasally (i.n.) with HDM every day from D9 to D12, and analysed at D13. e H&E staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with anti-MBP antibody (specific for eosinophils), or anti-MCPT8 antibody (specific for basophils) of ear sections. Black arrows point to one of the positive signals. Scale bar = 50μm (a, c, e). NS, non-sensitized. f Frequency of IL-4⁺ (AmCyan) or IL-13⁺ (DsRed) cells among CD45⁺ TCR-β⁺ cells in ears of mice (n = 6, 4, 3, 5, 1, 3, 4 mice). g Total cell number in ear-draining lymph nodes (EDLNs). h Frequency and cell number of Tfh cells and IL-4⁺ Tfh cells in EDLNs. i Numbers of GL7⁺Fas⁺ GC B cells, IgE⁺ B cells and IgG1⁺ B cells in EDLNs. For g–i, n = 4, 4, 5, 6, 2, 4, 4 mice. j Serum levels of HDM-specific IgE and IgG1 (n = 5, 6, 4, 4 mice). Graphs in b, f–i show mean ± SEM, two-sided Student’s t-test. Graphs in j show median, two-sided Mann–Whitney rank sum test. All data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.