TABLE 1.
Study | Trial | Phase | Randomization | Size (n) | median FU (m) | GBM | IMT | Stratification | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reardon et al. (2020) 53 | NCT02017717 | III | Yes | 369 | 9.8 | Recurrent | ICI–nivolumab | MGMT, resection, KPS, steroid, PD‐L1 | OS |
Liau et al. (2018) 10 | NCT00045968 | III | Yes | 331 | N/A | Newly | DCs–DCVaxL | MGMT | OS |
Nayak et al. (2021) 49 | NCT02337491 | II | Yes | 80 | N/A | Recurrent | ICI–pembrolizumab | MGMT, steroid, KPS, age, gender, resection, PD‐L1, recurrence | OS |
Inogés et al. (2017) 42 | NCT01006044 | II | No | 31 | N/A | Newly | DCs–tumor lysate | MGMT, KPS, age, gender, resection | OS |
Ardon et al. (2012) 31 | HGG‐2006 | I/II | No | 77 | 25 | Newly | DCs–tumor lysate | MGMT, resection | OS, PFS |
Bloch et al. (2017) 34 | NCT00905060 | II | No | 46 | N/A | Newly | Vaccine–HSPPC‐96 | MGMT, KPS | OS, PFS |
Ahluwalia et al. (2016) | NCT02455557 | II | No | 63 | 21.7 | Newly | Vaccine–SurVaxM | MGMT | OS, PFS |
Smith et al. (2020) 60 | ACTRN12615000656538 | I/II | No | 28 | N/A | Newly | ACT–CMV‐specific | MGMT, gender | OS |
Batich et al. (2017) 32 | NCT00639639 | I/II | No | 14 | N/A | Newly | DCs–CMV pp65 | MGMT | OS, PFS |
Pellegatta et al. (2018) 50 | DENDR1 | II | No | 24 | 17.4 | Newly | DCs–tumor lysate | MGMT, steroid, KPS, gender | OS, PFS |
Ishikawa et al. (2014) 43 | UMIN000001426 | I/IIa | No | 24 | 19.6 | Newly | Vaccine–AFTV | MGMT, gender, resection | OS, PFS |
Schuster et al. (2015) 59 | ACT III | II | No | 81 | N/A | Newly | Vaccine–CDX 110 | MGMT | OS, PFS |
Jan et al. (2018) 45 | N/A | II | Yes | 47 | N/A | Newly | DCs–tumor lysate | MGMT, gender, resection, PD‐L1, chemotherapy | OS, PFS |
Schalper et al. (2019) 58 | NCT02550249 | II | No | 30 | N/A | both | ICI–nivolumab | MGMT, age, gender, resection | OS, PFS |
Sampson et al. (2010) 56 | NCT00643097 | II | No | 18 | N/A | Newly | Vaccine–PEPvIII | MGMT, gender, resection, KPS | OS, PFS |
Aoki et al. (2021) 30 | JapicCTI‐152,967 | II | No | 44 | N/A | Recurrent | ICI–nivolumab | MGMT, KPS, PD‐L1 | OS |
Desjardins et al. (2018) 38 | NCT01491893 | I | No | 61 | 27.6 | Recurrent | OV–PVSRIPO | MGMT, age, recurrence | OS |
Izumoto et al. (2008) 44 | N/A | II | No | 21 | N/A | Recurrent | Vaccine–WT1 | steroid, KPS, gender, chemotherapy | OS, PFS |
Pellegatta et al. (2013) 51 | N/A | I | No | 15 | 8 | Recurrent | DCs–tumor lysate | steroid, gender | OS, PFS |
Lukas et al. (2018) 46 | NCT01375842 | Ia | No | 16 | N/A | Recurrent | ICI–atezolizumab | steroid | OS, PFS |
Cloughesy et al. (2019) 36 | N/A | N/A | Yes | 35 | 15.6 | Recurrent | ICI–pembrolizumab | steroid | OS, PFS |
Dillman et al. (2009) 40 | NCT00331526 | II | No | 33 | N/A | Recurrent | ACT–LAK | steroid, chemotherapy | OS |
Muragaki et al. (2011) 47 | UMINC000000002 | I/IIa | No | 24 | 19 | Newly | Vaccine–AFTV | KPS, age, gender, resection | OS, PFS |
Geletneky et al. (2017) 41 | NCT01301430 | I/IIa | No | 18 | N/A | Recurrent | OV–ParvOryx | gender, KPS, age | OS, PFS |
Takashima et al. (2016) 61 | N/A | II | No | 60 | N/A | Recurrent | Vaccine–WT1 | gender, chemotherapy | OS |
Bloch et al. (2013) | NCT00293423 | II | No | 41 | N/A | Recurrent | Vaccine–HSPPC 96 | gender | OS |
Rudnick et al. (2020) 55 | N/A | I | No | 28 | N/A | Both | DCs–tumor lysate | gender, resection | OS, PFS |
Phuphanich et al. (2013) 52 | N/A | I | No | 21 | 40.1 | Both | DCs–ICT 107 | gender, resection | OS, PFS |
Chiocca et al. (2011) 35 | NCT00751270 | Ib | No | 13 | N/A | Newly | OV‐AdV‐tk | resection | OS, PFS |
DiDomenico et al. (2017) 39 | NCT00905060 | II | No | 46 | N/A | Newly | Vaccine–HSPPC‐96 | PD‐L1 | OS, PFS |
Weathers et al. (2020) 63 | NCT02661282 | I/II | No | 40 | 12 | Both | ACT‐CMV pp65 | recurrence | OS |
Yao et al. (2018) 66 | N/A | II | Yes | 43 | 14 | Both | DCs–GSC antigen | PD‐L1 | OS |
Reardon et al. (2020b) 54 | NCT01498328 | II | Yes | 73 | N/A | Recurrent | Vaccine–CDX 110 | steroid, age, gender, KPS, recurrence | OS |
Cloughesy et al. (2020 37 ) a | NCT02414165 | II/III | Yes | 403 | 22.8 | Recurrent | OV–Toca | MGMT, resection, steroid, age, gender, KPS, recurrence | OS |
Weller et al. (2021) 65 | NCT02667587 | III | Yes | 716 | N/A | Newly | ICI–nivolumab | MGMT, steroid | OS |
Weller et al. (2017) 64 | NCT01480479 | III | Yes | 745 | N/A | Newly | Vaccine–CDX 110 | MGMT, gender | OS |
Ursu et al. (2017) 62 | NCT00190424 | II | Yes | 81 | N/A | Newly | Vaccine–CpG‐ODN | MGMT, KPS | OS |
Sampson et al. (2016) 57 | NCT02617589 | III | Yes | 560 | N/A | Newly | ICI–nivolumab | MGMT | OS |
Narita et al. (2019) 48 | N/A | III | Yes | 88 | 7.7 | Recurrent | Vaccine–PPV | KPS | OS |
Abbreviations: ACT, adoptive cell therapy; DCs, dendric cells; FU, follow‐up; GBM, glioblastoma; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IMT, immunotherapy; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; MGMT, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase; N/A, not available/applicable; OS, overall survival; OV, oncolytic virus; PD‐L1, programmed death‐ligand 1; PFS, progression‐free survival.
This trial contained 12% of anaplastic astrocytoma population.