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. 2022 Jul 13;28(10):1476–1491. doi: 10.1111/cns.13915

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of studies and patients included in the meta‐analysis

Study Trial Phase Randomization Size (n) median FU (m) GBM IMT Stratification Outcomes
Reardon et al. (2020) 53 NCT02017717 III Yes 369 9.8 Recurrent ICI–nivolumab MGMT, resection, KPS, steroid, PD‐L1 OS
Liau et al. (2018) 10 NCT00045968 III Yes 331 N/A Newly DCs–DCVaxL MGMT OS
Nayak et al. (2021) 49 NCT02337491 II Yes 80 N/A Recurrent ICI–pembrolizumab MGMT, steroid, KPS, age, gender, resection, PD‐L1, recurrence OS
Inogés et al. (2017) 42 NCT01006044 II No 31 N/A Newly DCs–tumor lysate MGMT, KPS, age, gender, resection OS
Ardon et al. (2012) 31 HGG‐2006 I/II No 77 25 Newly DCs–tumor lysate MGMT, resection OS, PFS
Bloch et al. (2017) 34 NCT00905060 II No 46 N/A Newly Vaccine–HSPPC‐96 MGMT, KPS OS, PFS
Ahluwalia et al. (2016) NCT02455557 II No 63 21.7 Newly Vaccine–SurVaxM MGMT OS, PFS
Smith et al. (2020) 60 ACTRN12615000656538 I/II No 28 N/A Newly ACT–CMV‐specific MGMT, gender OS
Batich et al. (2017) 32 NCT00639639 I/II No 14 N/A Newly DCs–CMV pp65 MGMT OS, PFS
Pellegatta et al. (2018) 50 DENDR1 II No 24 17.4 Newly DCs–tumor lysate MGMT, steroid, KPS, gender OS, PFS
Ishikawa et al. (2014) 43 UMIN000001426 I/IIa No 24 19.6 Newly Vaccine–AFTV MGMT, gender, resection OS, PFS
Schuster et al. (2015) 59 ACT III II No 81 N/A Newly Vaccine–CDX 110 MGMT OS, PFS
Jan et al. (2018) 45 N/A II Yes 47 N/A Newly DCs–tumor lysate MGMT, gender, resection, PD‐L1, chemotherapy OS, PFS
Schalper et al. (2019) 58 NCT02550249 II No 30 N/A both ICI–nivolumab MGMT, age, gender, resection OS, PFS
Sampson et al. (2010) 56 NCT00643097 II No 18 N/A Newly Vaccine–PEPvIII MGMT, gender, resection, KPS OS, PFS
Aoki et al. (2021) 30 JapicCTI‐152,967 II No 44 N/A Recurrent ICI–nivolumab MGMT, KPS, PD‐L1 OS
Desjardins et al. (2018) 38 NCT01491893 I No 61 27.6 Recurrent OV–PVSRIPO MGMT, age, recurrence OS
Izumoto et al. (2008) 44 N/A II No 21 N/A Recurrent Vaccine–WT1 steroid, KPS, gender, chemotherapy OS, PFS
Pellegatta et al. (2013) 51 N/A I No 15 8 Recurrent DCs–tumor lysate steroid, gender OS, PFS
Lukas et al. (2018) 46 NCT01375842 Ia No 16 N/A Recurrent ICI–atezolizumab steroid OS, PFS
Cloughesy et al. (2019) 36 N/A N/A Yes 35 15.6 Recurrent ICI–pembrolizumab steroid OS, PFS
Dillman et al. (2009) 40 NCT00331526 II No 33 N/A Recurrent ACT–LAK steroid, chemotherapy OS
Muragaki et al. (2011) 47 UMINC000000002 I/IIa No 24 19 Newly Vaccine–AFTV KPS, age, gender, resection OS, PFS
Geletneky et al. (2017) 41 NCT01301430 I/IIa No 18 N/A Recurrent OV–ParvOryx gender, KPS, age OS, PFS
Takashima et al. (2016) 61 N/A II No 60 N/A Recurrent Vaccine–WT1 gender, chemotherapy OS
Bloch et al. (2013) NCT00293423 II No 41 N/A Recurrent Vaccine–HSPPC 96 gender OS
Rudnick et al. (2020) 55 N/A I No 28 N/A Both DCs–tumor lysate gender, resection OS, PFS
Phuphanich et al. (2013) 52 N/A I No 21 40.1 Both DCs–ICT 107 gender, resection OS, PFS
Chiocca et al. (2011) 35 NCT00751270 Ib No 13 N/A Newly OV‐AdV‐tk resection OS, PFS
DiDomenico et al. (2017) 39 NCT00905060 II No 46 N/A Newly Vaccine–HSPPC‐96 PD‐L1 OS, PFS
Weathers et al. (2020) 63 NCT02661282 I/II No 40 12 Both ACT‐CMV pp65 recurrence OS
Yao et al. (2018) 66 N/A II Yes 43 14 Both DCs–GSC antigen PD‐L1 OS
Reardon et al. (2020b) 54 NCT01498328 II Yes 73 N/A Recurrent Vaccine–CDX 110 steroid, age, gender, KPS, recurrence OS
Cloughesy et al. (2020 37 ) a NCT02414165 II/III Yes 403 22.8 Recurrent OV–Toca MGMT, resection, steroid, age, gender, KPS, recurrence OS
Weller et al. (2021) 65 NCT02667587 III Yes 716 N/A Newly ICI–nivolumab MGMT, steroid OS
Weller et al. (2017) 64 NCT01480479 III Yes 745 N/A Newly Vaccine–CDX 110 MGMT, gender OS
Ursu et al. (2017) 62 NCT00190424 II Yes 81 N/A Newly Vaccine–CpG‐ODN MGMT, KPS OS
Sampson et al. (2016) 57 NCT02617589 III Yes 560 N/A Newly ICI–nivolumab MGMT OS
Narita et al. (2019) 48 N/A III Yes 88 7.7 Recurrent Vaccine–PPV KPS OS

Abbreviations: ACT, adoptive cell therapy; DCs, dendric cells; FU, follow‐up; GBM, glioblastoma; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IMT, immunotherapy; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; MGMT, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase; N/A, not available/applicable; OS, overall survival; OV, oncolytic virus; PD‐L1, programmed death‐ligand 1; PFS, progression‐free survival.

a

This trial contained 12% of anaplastic astrocytoma population.