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Tryptophan metabolism. Most dietary tryptophan is metabolized to NAD+ in the liver. Part of tryptophan is synthesized into 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Approximately 5% of tryptophan is metabolized in the intestinal tract by the bacterial tryptophanase of the gut microbiota into a series of indole metabolites, such as indole‐3‐aldehyde (IAld), indole‐3‐acid‐acetic (IAA), indole‐3‐propionic acid (IPA), and indole‐3‐lactic acid (ILA).
