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Mean (SEM) concentrations (pg/ml) of 27 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in childhood MDD patients and in healthy controls determined using Bio-Plex immunoassays. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α and TNF-α increased significantly in childhood MDD patients, while those of IFN-γ, MIP-1β and RANTES decreased significantly. *p < 0.05.
