Table 1.
Patient demographics and characteristics between PD patients with FOG and without FOG.
| PD-FOG (+) | PD-FOG (-) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 36) | (n = 59) | ||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 75 (71–82) | 71(65–77) | 0.008 |
| Male, no. (%) | 21 (58.3) | 29 (49.2) | 0.385 |
| Education level (years), median (IQR) | 7.5 (3.0–10.5) | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 0.287 |
| Medical history, no. (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 20 (55.6) | 24 (40.7) | 0.158 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (27.8) | 13 (22.0) | 0.526 |
| Hyperlipemia | 11 (30.1) | 19 (32.2) | 0.867 |
| Coronary heart disease | 9 (25.0) | 16 (27.1) | 0.820 |
| Smoking history, no. (%) | 10 (27.8) | 14 (23.7) | 0.659 |
| Drinking history, no. (%) | 8 (22.2) | 10 (16.9) | 0.525 |
| PD disease duration (years), median (IQR) | 7 (5–10) | 5 (3–7) | 0.005 |
| H-Y stage, median (IQR) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 0.215 |
| UPDRS-III (OFF) | 66.5 (54.3–73.0) | 60.0 (46.0–74.0) | 0.112 |
| MMSE score, median (IQR) | 24.0 (18.3–27.0) | 25.0 (21.0–27.0) | 0.238 |
| MOCA score, median (IQR) | 19.0 (11.5–22.8) | 20.0 (16.0–23.0) | 0.181 |
| Neuroimaging | |||
| ePVS-CSO number, median (IQR) | 19.5 (8.3–33.0) | 8.0 (5.0–15.0) | 0.000 |
| ePVS-CSO severity, no. (%) | 0.001 | ||
| None/mild | 11 (30.6) | 39 (66.1) | |
| Moderate | 7 (19.4) | 8 (13.6) | |
| Severe | 18 (50.0) | 12 (20.3) | |
| ePVS-BG number, median (IQR) | 8.0 (5.3–16.0) | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 0.000 |
| ePVS-BG severity, no. (%) | 0.006 | ||
| None/mild | 21 (58.3) | 50 (84.7) | |
| Moderate | 9 (25.0) | 4 (6.8) | |
| Severe | 6 (16.7) | 5 (8.5) | |
| WMH, median (IQR) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.408 |
| Lacunes number, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0.662 |
FOGQ, freezing of gait questionnaire; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ePVS, enlarged perivascular spaces; CSO, centrum semiovale; BG, basal ganglia; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
The bold font indicates that the difference achieved statistical significance (p < 0.05).