Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association of enlarged PVS with FOG in PD patients.

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age	1.080 (1.019–1.145)	0.009	1.024 (0.936–1.121)	0.600
Disease duration	1.178 (1.037–1.338)	0.012	1.159 (0.989–1.357)	0.068
UPDRS-III (OFF)	1.025 (0.995–1.056)	0.107	0.995 (0.951–1.042)	0.837
ePVS-CSO severity		0.003		0.048
None/mild	1(Ref)		1(Ref)
Moderate	3.102 (0.920–10.458)	0.068	3.305 (0.842–12.967)	0.087
Severe	5.328 (1.975–14.321)	0.001	3.869 (1.213–12.339)	0.022
ePVS-BG severity		0.018		0.543
None/mild	1(Ref)		1(Ref)
Moderate	5.357 (1.485–19.332)	0.010	2.240 (0.492–10.186)	0.297
Severe	2.857 (0.785–10.396)	0.111	1.591 (0.344–7.354)	0.552

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ePVS, enlarged perivascular spaces; CSO, centrum semiovale; BG, basal ganglia; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.

The bold font indicates that the difference achieved statistical significance (p < 0.05).