Table 3.

Clinical characteristics of patients with PD according to the severity and location of enlarged PVS.

	ePVS-CSO				ePVS-BG
	none/mild	Moderate	Severe	P	None/mild	Moderate	Severe	P
	(n = 50)	(n =15)	(n = 30)		(n = 71)	(n = 13)	(n = 11)
Age	70 (66.5–75)	78 (71–83)	75 (70–81)a	0.026	71 (65–78)	73 (71–83)	77 (72–85)	0.009
Disease duration (years)	5.0 (3.0–7.5)	5 (3–8)	6 (4.5–10)	0.304	5 (3–7)	8 (3–10)	5 (3–10)	0.084
H-Y stage	3 (3–4)	3 (3–4)	3 (3–4)	0.861	3 (3–4)	3 (3–3.5)	4 (3–4)	0.228
UPDRS-III (OFF)	61.5 (48–73)	63 (46–80)	62.5 (54–74)	0.767	59 (48–72)	67 (62–69)	74 (59–80)	0.057
FOG case, no. (%)	11 (22.0)	7 (46.7)	18 (60.0)b	0.002	21 (29.6)	9 (69.2)c	6 (54.5)	0.012
MMSE score	25 (21–27)	23 (20–26)	24.5 (19–28.5)	0.387	25 (21–27)	23 (20.5–28)	19 (18–22)d	0.019
MOCA score	20 (16–23)	19 (14–22)	21 (12–26)	0.556	21 (16–23)	19 (13.5–24)	13 (7–20)	0.063

^aPatients with severe degree of ePVS-CSO had older age than those with none/mild degree of ePVS-CSO (adjusted p = 0.042).

^bPatients with severe degree of ePVS-CSO had higher percentage of FOG case than those with none/mild degree of ePVS-CSO (adjusted p = 0.001).

^cPatients with moderate degree of ePVS-BG had higher percentage of FOG case than those with none/mild degree of ePVS-BG (adjusted p = 0.006).

^dPatients with severe degree of ePVS-BG had lower MMSE scores than those with none/mild degree of ePVS-BG (adjusted p = 0.012).

ePVS, enlarged perivascular spaces;MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; CSO, centrum semiovale; BG, basal ganglia.

The bold font indicates that the difference achieved statistical significance (p < 0.05).