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. 2022 Jun 3;20(9):1365–1378. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-21-1018

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©2022 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research

This open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.

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Figure 5. Environmental conditions that promote the selection of PPM1D mutants in the blood and esophageal lining. Schematic representation of how premalignant clonal expansion of PPM1D mutants in the blood and esophagus is shaped by multiple environmental stressors. These stressors can have a positive, neutral, negative effect on PPM1D-mutant clonal dynamics. — Environmental conditions that promote the selection of PPM1D mutants in the blood and esophageal lining. Schematic representation of how premalignant clonal expansion of PPM1D mutants in the blood and esophagus is shaped by multiple environmental stressors. These stressors can have a positive, neutral, negative effect on PPM1D-mutant clonal dynamics.