Table 1.
Effects of TOR inhibition on root growth of Malus hupehensis plants under low N stress
| Length (cm) | Surface area (cm 2 ) | Average diameter (mm) | Root volume (cm 3 ) | No. of tips | No. of forks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0A | 220.99 ± 22.90b (100%) | 34.68 ± 2.74c (100%) | 0.5301 ± 0.02bc (100%) | 0.3864 ± 0.02cd (100%) | 419.2 ± 29.44abcd (100%) | 1988 ± 158bc (100%) |
| 0.5A | 326.07 ± 22.77a (147%) | 53.69 ± 3.12a (154%) | 0.5020 ± 0.01c (94%) | 0.7112 ± 0.04ab (184%) | 544.6 ± 90.89ab (129%) | 3273.8 ± 259a (164%) |
| 1A | 356.08 ± 33.59a (161%) | 64.00 ± 5.86a (184%) | 0.5533 ± 0.01bc (104%) | 0.8566 ± 0.06a (221%) | 585.6 ± 35.83a (139%) | 3254.6 ± 369a (163%) |
| 2.5A | 273.84 ± 12.05ab (123%) | 50.38 ± 2.14ab (145%) | 0.5777 ± 0.00bc (108%) | 0.7422 ± 0.05a (192%) | 452.8 ± 18.53abc (108%) | 2406.6 ± 189ab (121%) |
| 5A | 190.93 ± 10.67bc (86%) | 38.39 ± 1.35bc (110%) | 0.7247 ± 0.02a (136%) | 0.6694 ± 0.04ab (173%) | 374.8 ± 30.10bcd (89%) | 1870.8 ± 47bc (94%) |
| 10A | 192.86 ± 11.60bc (87%) | 36.22 ± 2.96c (104%) | 0.5721 ± 0.02b (107%) | 0.5350 ± 0.04bc (138%) | 305.8 ± 8.71 cd (72%) | 2046 ± 253bc (102%) |
| NC | 113.40 ± 5.43c | 18.21 ± 0.95d | 0.4954 ± 0.00c | 0.2450 ± 0.01d | 256.8 ± 31.37d | 1140 ± 120c |
The number of tips and forks is a measure of the branchiness of the fine root system; a higher number of tips and forks means easier uptake of water and nutrients through the fine roots. All data are mean ± standard error of 10 plants. Percentages in parentheses after the standard error are for data in 0.5A, 1A, 2.5A, 5A, and 10A groups versus the 0A group. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments according to Tukey’s multiple range test (P < .05). NC, plants without any treatment; 0A, low N stress treatment (0.2 mM N); 0.5A–10A, low N stress with 0.5 μM (0.5A), 1 μM (1A), 2.5 μM (2.5A), 5 μM (5A), and 10 μM (10A) AZD8055 treatments.