Table 2.

Key legislative policies on caterpillar fungus.

S. No.	Act/Rule/Directives	Legal Status
1	Forest act 1993 (Forest Act, 1993)	Totally banned for the caterpillar fungus harvesting.
2	Nepal Gazette 2001 (GON/MoFSC/DoF, 2001)	Banned for export in crude form and royalty rate NRs 20000/kg fixed.
3	Nepal Gazette 2004 (GON/MoFSC/DoF, 2004)	No requirement of processing and royalty rate NRs 20000/Kg of the species.
4	Nepal Gazette 2006 (GON/MoFSC/DoF, 2006)	Royalty rate reduced to 10000/kg
5	Himalayan National Park Rule 1979 (first amendment 2014) (Himalayan National Park Rule, 1979)	Defined Rara, Shey-Phokshundo and Malaku-Barun National Parks under this rule and regulate harvesting permits, harvesting time periods and trade on Yarsagumba and other Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) inside Himalayan protected areas.
6	Nepal Gazette 2016 (GON/MoFSC/DoF, 2016)	Royalty rate increased to 25000/kg
7	Yarsagumba Management (harvest and trade) Directives 2017 (DNPWC, 2017)	Ensure the caterpillar fungus harvesters age, harvesting time duration prohibited actions under range lands. trader should take last 60 days of the caterpillar fungus transfer permit for more 30 days of maximum time periods.
8	Nepal Gazette 2018 (GON/MoFSC/DoF, 2018)	Royalty rate increased to 30000/kg