Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics by tertiles of self-rated health
| Tertiles of self-rated health | ||||
| 1st tertile (n=231) | 2nd tertile (n=226) | 3rd tertile (n=117) | P trend* | |
| 0 to 70 | 71 to 90 | 91 to 100 | ||
| Baseline | ||||
| Age, years | 46±16 | 38±13 | 39±15 | <0.001 |
| Female, % | 154 (67%) | 127 (56) | 69 (59) | 0.06 |
| Self-reported race, % | 0.51 | |||
| White | 33 (14) | 24 (11) | 20 (17) | |
| Mixed | 163 (71) | 175 (77) | 77 (66) | |
| Black | 32 (14) | 26 (12) | 18 (15) | |
| Indigenous | 2 (1) | 1 (<1) | 1 (1) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28±6 | 27±5 | 26±4 | 0.002 |
| Abdominal circumference, cm | 90±14 | 87±12 | 84±11 | <0.001 |
| Asthma, % | 11 (5) | 8 (4) | 2 (2) | 0.36 |
| COPD, % | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.92 |
| History of MI, % | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 |
| Heart failure, % | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.47 |
| Rheumatic heart disease, % | 7 (3) | 7 (3) | 4 (3) | 0.97 |
| SBP, mmHg | 134±20 | 131±20 | 131±19 | 0.29 |
| DBP, mmHg | 83±12 | 81±11 | 82±12 | 0.17 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension, % | 66 (29) | 32 (14) | 14 (12) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, % | 52 (23) | 23 (10) | 14 (12) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 21 (9) | 6 (3) | 6 (5) | 0.012 |
| Obesity, % | 68 (29) | 45 (20) | 20 (17) | 0.012 |
| Smoking, % | 106 (46) | 65 (29) | 46 (39) | <0.001 |
| Healthy diet, % | 87 (38) | 130 (58) | 59 (50) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, % | 64 (28) | 94 (42) | 53 (45) | <0.001 |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Work status, % | 0.09 | |||
| Employed | 77 (33) | 98 (43) | 53 (45) | |
| Self-employed | 20 (9) | 23 (10) | 9 (8) | |
| Other | 134 (58) | 105 (47) | 55 (47) | |
| Family income, BRL | 1250(800, 2000) | 1500(1000, 3000) | 1200(800, 2000) | 0.11 |
| Rural living area, % | 92 (40) | 78 (35) | 55 (47) | 0.08 |
| Biochemistry | ||||
| Blood sugar, mg/dL | 110±74 | 100±27 | 110±49 | 0.1 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.3(0.2, 0.5) | 0.4(0.2, 0.5) | 0.4(0.2, 0.5) | 0.55 |
| Platelets, x 109/L | 229±76 | 240±67 | 234±66 | 0.28 |
| Leucocytes, x 109/L | 6.35±1.99 | 6.38±1.72 | 6.53±1.92 | 0.68 |
| Reticulocytes, % | 0.75±0.19 | 0.80±0.22 | 0.77±0.22 | 0.44 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L | 140±14 | 142±14 | 142±12 | 0.13 |
| C reactive protein, mg/L | 0(0, 0) | 0(0, 0) | 0(0, 0) | 0.44 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9±0.3 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.59 |
| INR | 1.02±0.12 | 1.01±0.10 | 1.02±0.10 | 0.3 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LV ejection fraction <45%, % | 9 (4) | 6 (3) | 3 (3) | 0.69 |
| LV hypertrophy, % | 9 (4) | 4 (2) | 4 (3) | 0.39 |
| Diastolic dysfunction, % | 7 (3) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.43 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 57±6 | 57±5 | 58±5 | 0.48 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 71±18 | 68±17 | 70±16 | 0.11 |
| E/e’ | 7.3±2.6 | 6.7±2.1 | 6.9±2.3 | 0.014 |
| E/A | 1.2±0.5 | 1.3±0.4 | 1.3±0.4 | 0.003 |
| Left atrial volume index, mL/m2 | 20±6 | 19±5 | 19±4 | 0.025 |
| TR velocity, m/s | 2.3±0.3 | 2.3±0.3 | 2.3±0.2 | 0.34 |
Normally distributed variables are displayed as mean±SD. Non-normally distributed variables are presented as median (IQR). Proportions are displayed as n (%).
*P for trend was calculated using linear regression models for normally distributed variables and Cuzick’s non-parametric test for trend for non-normally distributed variables.
A, late mitral inflow velocity; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; e', mitral annular early diastolic velocity; E, early mitral inflow velocity; INR, international normalised ratio; LV, left ventricular; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.