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. 2022 Sep 2;13:444. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03113-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Cell differentiation at enthesis, myotendinous junction (MTJ) and midsubstance of tendon. Mesenchymal stem cells/mesodermal cells are capable of differentiating into fibroblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and tenoblasts (premature tenocytes). RED panel shows the formation of MTJ by muscle and tendon interaction via SLIT/ROBO signalling. BLUE panel shows the differentiation of tendon precursor cells into mature tenocytes via multiple steps (pre-tenoblasts and tenoblasts) by upregulation of SCX, MKX, TNMD and/or TNC at different stages. YELLOW panel shows the SCX + /SOX9 + bi-fated progenitors at the putative enthesis regions and the progenitors are segregated into SCX + /SOX9 + cells to become tendon, chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the enthesis