Table 2.
Risk factors for ICU acquired infection
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | 95%CI | p value | IRR | 95%CI | p value | |
| Multiple site decontamination | 0.50 | 0.35–0.72 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.38–0.83 | 0.004 |
| Age, per supplementary year | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.086 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.28 |
| Male | 1.23 | 0.93–1.62 | 0.151 | 1.38 | 1.03–1.86 | 0.034 |
| BMI, per supplementary kg/m2 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.02 | 0.70 | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Chronic heart failure | 0.96 | 0.71–1.29 | 0.77 | |||
| Chronic respiratory disease | 1.01 | 0.77–1.33 | 0.93 | |||
| Chronic renal failure | 1.37 | 0.97–1.93 | 0.075 | 1.21 | 0.81–1.81 | 0.34 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.64 | 1.08–2.48 | 0.021 | 1.81 | 1.17–2.82 | 0.007 |
| Cancer | 1.06 | 0.87–1.43 | 0.72 | |||
| Immunodepression | 0.96 | 0.70–1.30 | 0.79 | |||
| Diabetes | 1.00 | 0.78–1.28 | 0.99 | |||
| Hypertension | 1.10 | 0.88–1.38 | 0.38 | |||
| Period of admission | ||||||
| Spring–Summer 2020 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Fall–Winter 2020 | 1.14 | 0.91–1.44 | 0.26 | 1.10 | 0.85–1.43 | 0.46 |
| Spring–Summer 2021 | 0.53 | 0.22–1.30 | 0.165 | 0.81 | 0.32–2.06 | 0.66 |
| Fall–Winter 2021 | 0.82 | 0.48–1.41 | 0.479 | 1.06 | 0.61–1.86 | 0.83 |
| Inter-hospital transport | 1.22 | 0.96–1.53 | 0.096 | 1.31 | 1.02–1.69 | 0.038 |
| Localization before ICU admission | ||||||
| Emergency ward | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Acute care ward | 0.96 | 0.76–1.21 | 0.71 | |||
| Home | 1.12 | 0.71–1.78 | 0.62 | |||
| Simplified acute physiology score II, per supplementary point | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.004 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.032 |
| Bacterial co-infection at admission | 1.20 | 0.82–1.75 | 0.36 | |||
| Biological parameters at admission | ||||||
| Leucocytes per supplementary 109/L | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.091 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.25 |
| Lymphocytes per supplementary 109/L | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.18 | |||
| Platelets per supplementary 109/L | 1.00 | 1.00–1.00 | 0.74 | |||
| Creatinine per supplementary µg/L | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.43 |
| Serum C-reactive protein, per supplementary mg/mL | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | 0.44 | |||
| Fibrinogene, per supplementary g/L | 1.02 | 0.96–1.09 | 0.49 | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, per supplementary mmHg | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.31 |
| Early management | ||||||
| High flow oxygenation before intubation | 1.01 | 0.81–1.27 | 0.90 | |||
| Systemic antibiotic at admission | 0.80 | 0.60–1.06 | 0.13 | 0.87 | 0.63–1.19 | 0.39 |
| Time from hospital admission to intubation, per supplementary days | 0.96 | 0.91–1.01 | 0.088 | 0.97 | 0.91–1.01 | 0.11 |
| Antiviral agents | 0.89 | 0.69–1.14 | 0.36 | |||
| Steroids | 1.14 | 0.88–1.48 | 0.33 | |||
| Strategy for VAP diagnoses in center of admission | ||||||
| Endotracheal aspiration | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Distally protected sample | 1.13 | 0.90–1.43 | 0.29 | 1.02 | 0.79–1.32 | 0.89 |
| Broncho alveolar lavage | 1.47 | 0.95–2.27 | 0.087 | 1.45 | 0.90–2.33 | 0.12 |
Poisson regression model