Table 1.

Relevant retrospective studies evaluating kidney immune-related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge

Study	No. of Patients with Initial Kidney Immune-Related Adverse Events	Number of Patients Rechallenged	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Rotation	% of Patients on Immunosuppression at the Time of Rechallenge	% of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Acute Kidney Injury Recurrence
Isik et al. (6)	16	Combination to anti–PD-1 Anti–PD-1 to same Anti–PD-1 to anti–PD-L1	81%	n=3 (19%) 33% stage 1 33% stage 2 33% stage 3
Cortazar et al. (7)	138 Stage 3 (57%) Stage 2 (43%)	31	Most patients were rechallenged with the same ICI agent. Mostly anti–PD-1	39%	n=7 (23%) 29% stage 3 71% stage ≤2
Dolladille et al. (1)	276 Stage N/A	78	Informative rechallenges mostly done with an anti–PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy	N/A	n=4 (5.1%) stage N/A
Hultin et al. (12)	23 Average creatinine at peak 3.8 mg/dl	5	Four received anti–PD-1 monotherapy One patient received single anti– CTLA-4	60% (40% N/A)	No recurrence of renal irAE
Espi et al. (9)	13 Stage 1 (43%) Stage 2 (36%) Stage 3 (21%)	5	All patients were rechallenged with the same ICI all anti–PD-1	20%	n=1 (20%) stage 2

Acute kidney injury stage according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes clinical practice guidelines: 1.5–1.9 fold from baseline serum creatinine (SCr) (AKI stage 1); 2–2.9 fold from baseline SCr (AKI stage 2); and over threefold from baseline SCr (AKI stage 3). PD-1, programmed death 1 pathway; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAE, immune-related adverse event.