Table 1.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characterization of people with multiple sclerosis participated at baseline.
| Germany | United Kingdom | |
|---|---|---|
| N | 2346 | 3796 |
| Gender, N (%) [CP CI] | ||
| Female | 1819 (78·1) [76·3–79·7] | 2918 (76·9) [75·4–78·2] |
| Male | 503 (21·6) [19·9–23·3] | 875 (23·1) [21·7–24·4] |
| Diverse (GER)/not indicated (UK) | 7 (0·3) [0·1–0·6] | 3 (0·1) [<0·1–0·2] |
| Age at baseline [years], mean (±SD) [95% CI] | 45·7 (±11·4) [45·2–46·1] | 55·3 (±11·5) [54·9–55·6] |
| Disease course, N (%) [CP CI] | ||
| RRMS | 1749 (74·6) [72·7–76·2] | 2151 (56·7) [55·0–58·2] |
| SPMS | 403 (17·2) [15·7–18·7] | 949 (25·0) [23·6–26·4] |
| PPMS | 92 (3·9) [3·2–4·7] | 445 (11·7) [10·7–12·7] |
| Undefined | 102 (4·3) [3·5–5·2] | 96 (2·5) [2·1–3·1] |
| Benigna | n.a. | 155 (4·1) [3·4–4·7] |
| Disability level, N (%) [CP CI] | ||
| Mild | 1206 (51·4) [49·3–53·4] | 1494 (42·5) [40·8–44·1] |
| Moderate | 862 (36·7) [34·8–38·7] | 1261 (35·9) [34·3–37·5] |
| Severe | 278 (11·8) [10·6–13·2] | 757 (21·6) [20·2–22·9] |
| Allergies, N (%) [CP CI] | 994 (44·3) [42·0–46·1] | n.a. |
| Other autoimmune diseases, N (%) [CP CI] | 509 (21·7) [20·0–23·4] | n.a. |
| DMD-treated (yes), N (%) [CP CI] | 1698 (72·6) [70·7–74·3] | 1733 (45·7) [44·0–47·2] |
| IFNβ/GLAT | 501 (30·2) [28·0–32·4] | 430 (24·8) [22·8–26·9] |
| CLAD/DMF/TER | 476 (28·7) [26·6–30·9] | 566 (32·7) [30·4–34·9] |
| S1P RM | 293 (17·7) [15·9–19·5] | 206 (11·9) [10·4–13·5] |
| Anti-CD20 MAB | 244 (14·7) [13·1–16·5] | 207 (11·9) [10·5–13·5] |
| Natalizumab | 114 (6·9) [5·7–8·2] | 205 (11·8) [10·3–13·4] |
| Other DMDs | 29 (1·8) [1·2–2·5] | 119 (6·9) [5·7–8·1] |
| Relapse within the year prior to X1, N (%) [CP CI] | 347 (14·8) [13·4–16·2] | n.a. |
| Time from last relapse (before X1) to X1 [years], median [95% CI] | 3·1 [2.9–3.3] | n.a. |
Anti-CD20 MAB – anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies: ocrelizumab/ ofatumumab/ rituximab.
CLAD/DMF/TER – cladribine/ dimethyl fumarate/ teriflunomide.
CP CI – 95% Clopper and Pearson confidence interval.
DMD, disease-modifying drug.
GER – Germany.
IFNβ/GLAT – interferon beta-1a/ interferon beta-1b/ peginterferon beta-1a/ glatiramer acetate.
MS – multiple sclerosis.
N – number of patients.
n.a. – not available.
PPMS – primary progressive MS.
RRMS – relapsing remitting MS.
S1P RM – sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators: fingolimod/ ozanimod/ ponesimod/ siponimod.
SARS-CoV-2 – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
SD – standard deviation.
SPMS – secondary progressive MS.
UK – United Kingdom.
X1 – first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
95% CI – 95% confidence interval.
– defined by the UK MS Registry as a version of RRMS with mild or no attacks separated by long periods with no symptoms over a minimum disease duration of 15 years with mild or no disability.