Table 1.
Summary of the analysis of the questionnaire
| Condition | Statistics | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knee BM+ | Knee BM- | Shoulder BM+ | Shoulder BM- | ||||||||||||
| Item/Scale | N | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ME Video Content | ME Background Music | Interaction | |||||||
| Joy of Learning | |||||||||||||||
| Joy | 170 | 4.15 (1.23) | 4.02 (1.24) | 3.18 (1.40) | 3.50 (1.47) | F(1, 166) = 13.81, p < .001 | F(1, 166) < 1 | F(1, 166) = 1.19, p = .278 | |||||||
| Professionalism | |||||||||||||||
| Video | 173 | 5.85 (1.10) | 5.61 (1.13) | 5.43 (1.28) | 5.90 (1.14) | F(1, 169) < 1 | F(1, 169) < 1 | F(1, 169) = 4.77, p = .030 | |||||||
| Auditory Track | 173 | 5.89 (1.10) | 5.70 (1.15) | 5.72 (1.14) | 5.82 (1.17) | F(1, 169) < 1 | F(1, 169) < 1 | F(1, 169) < 1 | |||||||
| Visual Track | 173 | 5.63 (1.06) | 5.16 (1.31) | 5.00 (1.54) | 5.56 (1.21) | F(1, 169) < 1 | F(1, 169) < 1 | F(1, 169) = 6.92, p = .009 | |||||||
| Aesthetic Experience | |||||||||||||||
| Video | 172 | 5.02 (1.36) | 4.86 (1.27) | 4.11 (1.37) | 4.45 (1.41) | F(1, 168) = 10.70, p = .001 | F(1, 168) < 1 | F(1, 168) = 1.42, p = .235 | |||||||
| Disturbing Breaks | 172 | 2.26 (1.57) | 2.41 (2.02) | 2.07 (1.50) | 2.53 (1.64) | F(1, 168) < 1 | F(1, 168) = 1.31, p = .255 | F(1, 168) < 1 | |||||||
| Auditory Track | 170 | 4.98 (1.48) | 5.16 (1.15) | 5.00 (1.41) | 5.25 (1.34) | F(1, 166) < 1 | F(1, 166) = 1.02, p = .313 | F(1, 166) < 1 | |||||||
| Experienced Effort | |||||||||||||||
| Mental Effort | 174 | 4.00 (1.46) | 4.27 (1.56) | 5.58 (0.82) | 4.79 (1.58) | F(1, 170) = 25.93, p < .001 | F(1, 170) = 1.18, p = .278 | F(1, 170) = 6.23, p = .014 | |||||||
| Demand Characteristics | 174 | 2.57 (1.17) | 3.20 (1.29) | 3.30 (1.39) | 3.51 (1.59) | F(1, 170) = 6.55, p = .011 | F(1, 170) = 4.36, p = .038 | F(1, 170) = 1.01 p = .316 | |||||||
| Cognitive Load | |||||||||||||||
| Intrinsic Load | 174 | 3.77 (1.18) | 3.68 (1.16) | 4.45 (1.32) | 4.14 (1.50) | F(1, 170) = 8.76, p = .004 | F(1, 170) < 1 | F(1, 170) < 1 | |||||||
| Germane Load | 174 | 5.04 (1.06) | 5.30 (0.72) | 4.72 (1.00) | 4.85 (1.11) | F(1, 170) = 6.62, p = .011 | F(1, 170) = 1.83, p = .178 | F(1, 170) < 1 | |||||||
| Extraneous Load | 174 | 3.03 (1.21) | 3.13 (1.34) | 4.37 (1.48) | 3.99 (1.71) | F(1, 170) = 26.19, p < .001 | F(1, 170) < 1 | F(1, 170) = 1.20, p = .276 | |||||||
| Overall Assessment | |||||||||||||||
| Liking | 175 | 4.85 (1.27) | 4.78 (1.44) | 3.66 (1.40) | 3.95 (1.59) | F(1, 171) = 22.38, p < .001 | F(1, 171) < 1 | F(1, 171) < 1 | |||||||
| Further Units | 175 | 4.70 (1.55) | 5.00 (1.48) | 3.86 (1.75) | 4.26 (1.89) | F(1, 171) = 9.93, p = .002 | F(1, 171) = 1.86, p = .175 | F(1, 171) < 1 | |||||||
| Motivation | 175 | 3.87 (1.61) | 4.27 (1.44) | 3.43 (1.59) | 3.21 (1.73) | F(1, 171) = 9.38, p = .003 | F(1, 171) < 1 | F(1, 171) = 1.66, p = .200 | |||||||
| Note: BM + = video with background music; BM- = video without background music | |||||||||||||||