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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2021 Jul 29;114(5):1178–1191. doi: 10.1037/edu0000679

Table 2.

Item-level descriptive statistics for parent-reported math and literacy activities

Math Items M SD
Using Number or Arithmetic Flashcards 0.46 0.93
Identifying Names of Written Numbers 2.78 1.22
Playing with Number Fridge Magnets 0.88 1.31
Counting Objects 3.80 0.47
Sorting Things by Size, Color, or Shape 2.87 1.10
Counting Down (10, 9, 8, 7,…) 1.88 1.33
Learning Simple Sums (e.g., 2 + 2 = 4) 1.42 1.25
Printing Numbers 1.22 1.21
Playing Store 2.08 1.33
Talking about Money when Shopping (e.g., "Which costs more?") 1.53 1.25
Measuring Ingredients when Cooking 1.98 1.17
Being Timed 1.16 1.42
Playing with Calculators 0.62 0.99
"Paint-By-Number" Activities 0.29 0.64
Building Lego or Construction Sets (Duplo, Megablocks, etc.) 3.07 1.00
"Connect-the-Dot" Activities 0.93 1.10
Playing with Blocks 2.95 1.07
Using Calendars and Dates 1.76 1.40
Having Your Child Wear a Watch 0.37 0.89
Using Number Activity Books 1.04 1.21
Reading Number Storybooks 1.88 1.28
Playing Board Games with Die or Spinner 1.69 1.17
Playing Card Games 1.25 1.18
Literacy Items M SD
Identifying Names of Written Alphabet Letters 3.55 0.77
Identifying Sounds of Alphabet Letters 3.09 1.02
Printing Letters 2.27 1.39