Table 3.
1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N of ties | 8 | 15 | 17 | 44 | 165 | 318 |
Partnerships type |
Research collaborations dominant (63%) Technology transfer relevant (25%) |
Research collaborations prevalent (40%) Technology transfers prevalent (33%) Financial support relevant (20%) |
Research collaborations prevalent (35%) Technology transfers prevalent (35%) Financial support relevant (18%) |
Research collaborations dominant (59%) Technology transfer relevant (16%) Financial support marginal (7%) |
Research collaborations dominant (67%) Technology transfer relevant (16%) Technical collaboration marginal (6%) |
Research collaboration dominant (50%) Capacity building relevant (16%) Policy development marginal (11%) Technology transfer marginal (9%) Technical collaborations marginal (9%) |
Partners type | Research centers dominant (75%) |
Research centers dominant (53%) Intergov. organizations relevant (20%) |
Research centers dominant (53%) Intergov. organizations relevant (18%) Pharmaceutical MNCs marginal (12% ) |
Research centers prevalent (41%) Academic institutions relevant (32%) Pharmaceutical MNCs marginal (14%) Intergov. organizations marginal (11%) |
Research centers prevalent (38%) Academic institutions relevant (28%) Pharmaceutical MNCs relevant (18%) Intergov. organizations marginal (7%) |
Research centers prevalent (30%) Academic institutions prevalent (30%) Foreign governments relevant (19%) Pharmaceutical MNCs marginal (13%) |
Stages of the innovation process involved in the partnership |
Discovery dominant (67%) Development relevant (33%) |
Discovery dominant (60%) Development relevant (27%) Production relevant (13%) |
Discovery dominant (59%) Development relevant (29%) Production relevant (12%) |
Discovery dominant (70%) Development relevant (20%) |
Discovery prevalent (46%) Development relevant (29%) |
Discovery prevalent (37%) Development relevant (24%) Access relevant (16%) |
Dominant: > 50% of the total ties, Prevalent: > 30% of the total ties, Relevant: > 15% of the total ties, Marginal: >5% of the total ties
Source Authors elaboration from the original dataset