Table 1.

Admission characteristics, interventions and outcome for patients aged 80 years or older without limitations of life-sustaining treatment from the VIP2 and COVIP studies

Variable	VIP2 study	COVIP study	p value
Number of patients	1977	280
Age—median (IQR)	83 (81–86)	83 (81–85)	< 0.001
Gender—number (% female)	898 (45%)	103 (37%)	0.01
Residence—number (%)
Own home	1495 (76%)	182 (65%)	< 0.001
Home with family or caregivers	208 (10%)	48 (17%)	0.003
Nursing home or other hospital	251 (12%)	44 (16%)	0.22
Other	23 (1%)	0	0.13
Admission reason—number (%)
Respiratory/cardiovascular	905 (46%)	(COVID-19)
Sepsis	243 (12%)
Emergency surgery	311 (16%)
Other	518 (26%)
SOFA score—median (IQR) sub-scores:	5 (3–9)	5 (3–8)	0.7
Respiratory	2 (1–3)	3 (2–3)	< 0.001
Cardiovascular	1 (0–3)	0 (0–3)	< 0.001
Hepatic	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0.01
Coagulation	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0.66
Renal	1 (0–2)	0 (0–1)	0.03
Neurological	0 (0–2)	0 (0–1)	0.06
Geriatric features—median (IQR)
CFS	4 (3–5)	4 (3–6)	0.07
Katz index	6 (5–6)	[6 (3–6)*]
IQCODE	3.1 (3–3.5)	n/a
CPS	10 (7–14)	n/a
Interventions—number (%)
Invasive ventilation	934 (47%)	175 (62%)	< 0.001
Vasopressors	1099 (56%)	160 (57%)	0.7
Renal replacement therapy	215 (11%)	36 (13%)	0.55
ICU length of stay (days)—median (IQR)	4 (2–8)	7 (3–13)	0.001
Outcome—number (%)
Died in ICU	231 (12%)	117 (42%)	< 0.001
Died within 30 days	384 (19%)	128 (46%)	< 0.001

Note the percentage of missing values for the Katz index in the COVIP study cohort

*23% missing values

CFS, clinical frailty scale; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPS, comorbidity and polypharmacy score; ICU, intensive care unit; IQCODE, informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment