Table 3.

Group Comparisons of Ratings for Each Barrier

Barrier and Comparison Group	Appropriateness				Impact				Social Norms				Self-Efficacy
	df	t	p	g	df	t	p	g	df	t	p	g	df	t	p	g
Time Barrier
Teachers x SS	13	−0.1	.93	0.04	23	−2.2	.03*	0.81	24	0.3	.79	−0.11	24	0.6	.57	−0.27
SS x Admin	14	−0.8	.42	0.59	20	1.2	.23	−0.49	20	−0.5	.64	−0.19	28	0.4	.73	−0.14
Teachers x Admin	26	−1.4	.16	−0.21	25	−1.2	.23	0.52	25	−0.3	.79	0.10	19	1.3	.22	−0.47
Urban x Suburban	37	−0.7	.47	0.23	34	−1.4	.18	.43	32	−2.9	.01**	0.90	37	−1.7	.09	.54
Admin. Support Barrier
Teachers x SS	24	−1.2	.24	0.52	12	0.6	.54	−0.28	12	0.5	.61	−0.23	15	0.0	1	0.0
SS x Admin	21	0.4	.72	−0.14	16	−0.4	.71	0.16	17	−0.4	.72	0.15	19	0.2	.82	−0.09
Teachers x Admin	22	−1.5	.15	0.43	23	0.3	.77	−0.11	22	0.1	.89	−0.11	24	0.3	.77	−0.11
Urban x Suburban	34	−2.4	.02*	0.75	31	−3.6	.001***	1.14	27	−0.9	.36	0.30	32	−2.2	.04*	0.70

Note: SS = Support Staff (i.e., school psychologists, counselors, and instructional coaches);

^*= p < .05,

^**= p < .01,

^***= p, .001;

df = degrees of freedom; t = t-value, g = Hedge’s g