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. 2022 Sep 2;12:359. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-02087-6

Table 3.

Effects of BP model and drug treatments on brain activity, depressive behavior assessed with the FST, manic behavior assessed with the OFA, and cognitive function assessed with the NOR task.

Group dlPFC Ca2+ activity FST immobility, s OFA pathlength, m NOR, novel time %
Depression phase
 Naive 122.11 ± 0.97 28.22 ± 0.66 85.99 ± 2.10
 Untreated 28.04 ± 2.75 105.32 ± 10.12 49.87 ± 2.03
 Li 90.60 ± 3.38 76.48 ± 2.00 60.23 ± 1.17
 LTG-Li 69.17 ± 2.23 44.23 ± 1.20 47.58 ± 2.59
 LTG 50.64 ± 1.45 66.83 ± 1.25 38.29 ± 1.33
 LTG-VPA 29.20 ± 1.88 67.17 ± 0.85 28.57 ± 1.24
 VPA 52.33 ± 2.37 100.56 ± 2.11 42.00 ± 2.66
Manic phase
 Naive 124.52 ± 4.00 26.89 ± 1.23 84.16 ± 1.78
 Untreated 85.03 ± 3.55 52.21 ± 1.85 51.23 ± 1.24
 Li 54.55 ± 1.00? 38.20 ± 2.05 39.77 ± 0.53
 VPA 48.22 ± 0.55 32.15 ± 1.33 41.59 ± 1.79

BP bipolar disorder, FST forced swim test, OFA open field activity, NOR novel object recognition, dlPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Li lithium, LTG lamotrigine, VPA valproate.